AAC是Android Architecture Components的简称，是Google在谷歌IO大会上推出的。谈到Activity、Fragment的生命周期，大家肯定十分熟悉了。当然也会写过这样的代码，当一个组件需要在生命周期时做出相应的改变时，写一套生命周期的方法，给Activity、Fragment调用。一个还好，当有多少时，就会十分的臃肿。
例如我们在封装等待弹窗时，onCreate()时创建Dialog，onDestroy时销毁Dialog。
public class WaitLoadingController {
public WaitLoadingController(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity) {
mActivity = activity;
mMainHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
/**
* 确保主线程执行
*/
public void ensureMainThreadRun(Runnable runnable) {
if (Thread.currentThread() == Looper.getMainLooper().getThread()) {
runnable.run();
} else {
mMainHandler.post(runnable);
}
}
public void onCreate() {
ensureMainThreadRun(() -> {
vLoadingDialog = new LoadingDialog(getActivity());
vLoadingDialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
vLoadingDialog.setCancelable(true);
});
}
public void onDestroy() {
ensureMainThreadRun(() -> {
hideWait();
vLoadingDialog = null;
mActivity = null;
});
}
//...省略其他方法
}
public class HomeActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private WaitLoadingController mWaitLoadingController;
public void onCreate() {
mWaitLoadingController = new WaitLoadingController(this);
onDestroy. onCreate();
}
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
mWaitLoadingController. onDestroy();
}
}
使用Lifecycle改造
先介绍一下接下来要接触的类和接口
-
LifecycleOwner接口(Lifecycle持有者，Activity、Fragment已实现该接口)
-
LifecycleObserver接口(Lifecycle的观察者，实现该接口，就能有监听Lifecycle的权利，所以一般是我们自定义的组件实现该接口)
-
Lifecycle(生命周期对象，LifecycleOwner中持有Lifecycle对象，LifecycleOwner. getLifecycle()方法获得Lifecycle对象)
-
Event，生命周期事件，@OnLifecycleEvent注解标识时传入，就能收到对应的生命周期事件回调。
public enum Event {
/**
* Constant for onCreate event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_CREATE,
/**
* Constant for onStart event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_START,
/**
* Constant for onResume event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_RESUME,
/**
* Constant for onPause event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_PAUSE,
/**
* Constant for onStop event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_STOP,
/**
* Constant for onDestroy event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
*/
ON_DESTROY,
/**
* An {@link Event Event} constant that can be used to match all events.
*/
ON_ANY
}
步骤
- 自定义组件实现LifecycleObserver接口。
- 获取LifecycleOwner，调用LifecycleOwner的getLifecycle()获取Lifecycle，调用addObserver()，传入自身，即可开始监听。
- 提供内部的生命周期方法，使用@OnLifecycleEvent注解，注解中传入Event属性，接收相应的生命周期事件回调。
public class WaitLoadingController implements LifecycleObserver {
public WaitLoadingController(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity, LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
mActivity = activity;
mMainHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
lifecycleOwner.getLifecycle().addObserver(this);
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
protected void onLifecycleCreate() {
ensureMainThreadRun(() -> {
vLoadingDialog = new LoadingDialog(getActivity());
vLoadingDialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
vLoadingDialog.setCancelable(true);
});
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
protected void onLifecycleDestroy() {
ensureMainThreadRun(() -> {
hideWait();
vLoadingDialog = null;
mActivity = null;
});
}
//...省略其他方法
}
巧用Lifecycle，实现广播注册、注销自动化
说到广播，大家也不陌生，我们这里说的是动态广播，动态广播需要在生命周期onCreate()时注册，onDestory()时注销。然后一般广播接收器作为匿名的成员。
-
例如登录用户的资料更新，首页、前置页面都需要使用来显示UI，当最底层的Activity更新资料后，前置页面都需要更新，这时候我们一般使用广播通知来更新。
-
一般我们页面也不止一种广播事件监听，有时候会出现3，4个，那么onCreate()和onDestroy()就会非常多个注册和注销，BroadcastReceiver同样会成对增加。略显臃肿。
-
如果将注册、注销的操作自动化，广播回调使用接口回调处理。
//广播通用封装
public class AppBroadcastManager {
private AppBroadcastManager() {
}
public static void register(BroadcastReceiver receiver, String... actions) {
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
for (String action : actions) {
intentFilter.addAction(action);
}
register(receiver, intentFilter);
}
public static void register(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter) {
try {
ContextProvider.get().getContext()
.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void unregister(BroadcastReceiver receiver) {
if (receiver == null) {
return;
}
try {
ContextProvider.get().getContext()
.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void sendBroadcast(String action) {
sendBroadcast(new Intent(action));
}
public static void sendBroadcast(String action, Intent intent) {
intent.setAction(action);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
public static void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
ContextProvider.get().getContext()
.sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
User newUserInfo = (User) intent.getExtras().getSerializable(LingCommonConstant.Extra.USER_INFO);
if (newUserInfo != null) {
//更新UserInfo
onUpdateUserInfo(newUserInfo);
}
}
}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
AppBroadcastManager.register(mReceiver, LingCommonConstant.Action.UPDATE_USER_INFO);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
AppBroadcastManager.unregister(mReceiver);
}
使用Lifecycle改造
- BroadcastRegistry广播注册表。提供一个register方法注册，为每个广播接收器配备一个RegistryTableItem对象，他是LifecycleObserver的实现，在收到生命周期事件时，注册、注销广播接收器。
//广播注册表，提供LifecycleOwner和BroadcastReceiver即可自动注册广播接收器
public class BroadcastRegistry {
private LifecycleOwner mLifecycleOwner;
public BroadcastRegistry(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
mLifecycleOwner = lifecycleOwner;
}
public BroadcastRegistry register(BroadcastReceiver receiver, String... actions) {
RegistryTableItem tableItem = new RegistryTableItem(receiver, actions);
mLifecycleOwner.getLifecycle().addObserver(tableItem);
return this;
}
/**
* 广播注册表项，每一项负责一个广播的注册和注销
*/
private static class RegistryTableItem implements LifecycleObserver {
/**
* 广播接收器
*/
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver;
/**
* 广播接收器监听的多个Action
*/
private String[] mActions;
RegistryTableItem(BroadcastReceiver receiver, String[] actions) {
mReceiver = receiver;
mActions = actions;
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
protected void onLifecycleCreate() {
AppBroadcastManager.register(mReceiver, mActions);
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
protected void onLifecycleDestroy() {
AppBroadcastManager.unregister(mReceiver);
}
}
}
- UserInfoTower，具体业务广播的包装类，提供广播接收回调接口。
public class UserInfoTower {
private OnUpdateUserInfoCallback mCallback;
public interface OnUpdateUserInfoCallback {
/**
* 更新时回调
*/
void onUpdate(User user);
}
private UserInfoTower(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner, OnUpdateUserInfoCallback callback) {
this.mCallback = callback;
BroadcastRegistry registry = new BroadcastRegistry(lifecycleOwner);
registry.register(new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (mCallback != null) {
User newUserInfo = (User) intent.getExtras().getSerializable(LingCommonConstant.Extra.USER_INFO);
if (newUserInfo != null) {
mCallback.onUpdate(newUserInfo);
}
}
}
}, LingCommonConstant.Action.UPDATE_USER_INFO);
}
public static UserInfoTower create(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner, OnUpdateUserInfoCallback callback) {
return new UserInfoTower(lifecycleOwner, callback);
}
public static void sendUpdateUserInfo(User user) {
Intent args = new Intent();
args.putExtra(LingCommonConstant.Extra.USER_INFO, user);
AppBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(LingCommonConstant.Action.UPDATE_USER_INFO, args);
}
}
- 更新资料后，发送广播
/**
* 更新用户信息
*/
public Observable<HttpModel<Boolean>> updateUserInformation(
Context context, String tag, String avatarUrl, String nickname, BirthdayInfoModel birthday,
Integer sex, Integer workingStatus, Integer maritalStatus) {
return LoginHttpManager.updateUserInformation(context, tag, avatarUrl, nickname, birthday, sex
, workingStatus, maritalStatus)
.doOnNext(new Consumer<HttpModel<Boolean>>() {
@Override
public void accept(HttpModel<Boolean> httpModel) throws Exception {
if (httpModel != null && httpModel.getData()) {
//...省略一些判断逻辑
UserInfoTower.sendUpdateUserInfo(mUser);
}
}
});
}
- 在Activity中，注册，实现更新逻辑。
UserInfoTower.create(this, new UserInfoTower.OnUpdateUserInfoCallback() {
@Override
public void onUpdate(User user) {
int notFound = -1;
int position = notFound;
for (int i = 0; i < mAllItems.size(); i++) {
Object itemModel = mAllItems.get(i);
if (itemModel instanceof User) {
position = i;
}
}
//移除用户信息的Item，重新加入
if (position != notFound) {
mAllItems.remove(position);
mRAdapter.notifyItemRemoved(position);
mAllItems.add(position, user);
mRAdapter.notifyItemInserted(position);
}
}
});
总结
使用AAC中的Lifecycle，能让我们的生命周期绑定更加简单，组件无需提供public的生命周期方法，代码更加洁净。让我们的自定义组件更加注重内部逻辑。
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