韩国社会怎么就“厌女”了？
Lala2018-12-20
Lala
职业双语播音员
资深美音口语培训师
今日导读
最近，韩国女生集结起来，积极地抗争起了几乎无所不在的卫生间偷拍行为。越来越多的男性在公共乃至私人空间拍摄这些名叫“molka”的视频，然后分享到网上。有学者认为，这种侵犯女性隐私的现象是韩国社会“厌女”倾向的一种体现。为什么学者会这么说呢？韩国社会还有哪些其他贬抑女性的体现呢？今天《经济学人》的这篇文章会给我们答案，马上跟着 Lala 来了解一下吧！
带着问题听讲解
Q1: 请用英文描述一下“molka”具体指什么。
Q2: 为什么参与抗议的女性要戴帽子？
Q3: “the corset-free movement” 是一个怎样的运动？
新闻正文
Angry young women: A new generation of activists is challenging misogyny
愤怒的年轻女性：新时代的活跃分子正在挑战厌女症
“My life is not your porn,” read one poster. “We should be able to live, not survive,” declared another. The women brandishing them in the centre of Seoul wore red clothes and large sunglasses. They had covered their heads with baseball caps or broad-brimmed hats. The headgear and glasses serve mainly to make the protesters unrecognisable to men who might be hostile to their cause: the fight against molka, videos which are filmed using cameras hidden in public toilets, school changing rooms or even women’s homes, and then posted on the Internet.
一张海报上写道“我的人生不是你的色情片”。另一张海报则宣称“我们应该有权力生活，而不是生存”。在首尔市中心挥舞这些海报的女性穿着红色的衣服，戴着大大的墨镜。他们用棒球帽或宽檐帽遮住头部。这些帽子和墨镜的主要作用是，让可能会对抗议者的诉求产生敌意的男性认不出她们。她们的诉求是对抗 molka，也就是用隐藏式摄像机拍摄并上传到网上的影片。这些摄像机通常隐藏在公厕、学校更衣室甚至是女性住所里。
The red-clad women are the most visible part of a wave of activism against sexism in South Korea, which was ranked 118th out of 144 countries last year in the World Economic Forum’s measure of equality between the sexes.
在韩国这次对抗性别歧视的活动浪潮中，这些红衣女子是最引人注目的成员。去年，在世界经济论坛对两性平等程度的估算中，韩国在 144 个国家里排第 118 名。
In terms of appearance and behaviour, women and men are held to wildly different standards. A YouTube star who used her make-up tutorial channel to announce that she was giving up make-up to join the “corset-free” movement, which challenges unrealistic beauty standards, received a torrent of online threats.
就外貌和行为而言，女性和男性遵从的标准迥然不同。一位 YouTube 红人在她的化妆教程频道上宣布，她将为了加入“脱下束身衣”运动放弃化妆，而这次运动旨在挑战对美貌不切实际的标准。随后，她收到了大量来自网友的威胁。
“Misogyny is still common sense in South Korea,” says Yun Kim Ji-yeong of Konkuk University in Seoul. “People do not accept that women are worth the same as men.”
来自首尔建国大学的尹金知英女士表示：“对女性的贬抑在韩国依然是常态。人们无法接受女性和男性有一样的价值。”
But women are increasingly challenging this conviction. Many are cropping their hair, crushing their eyeshadow and throwing away their lipstick—and posting videos of their rebellion online.
但是越来越多的韩国女性正在挑战这种根深蒂固的成见。很多女性开始剪去长发，砸烂眼影，丢掉口红，并把她们的这些反抗行为拍成视频发到网上。
Ms Yun Kim believes the individual focus of the movement is its strength. She thinks the anti-spycam protests have drawn such crowds because they speak directly to women’s daily experience. “If you cannot even be safe from intrusion in the bathroom or in your own home, then where are you safe?” She says.
尹金女士认为，此次运动的重点是个人行为，这是它的优势所在。她认为，反偷拍抗议之所以吸引了这么多人参与，是因为这些抗议与女性日常生活中的经验有关。她说道：“如果你在洗手间和自己家里都不能免受侵扰，那到底哪里才是安全的呢？”
————— 文章来源 / 经济学人
重点词汇
activist/ˈæktɪvɪst/
n. 积极分子, 活跃分子
e.g.
an animal rights activist
misogyny/mɪˈsɑːdʒɪni/
n. 厌女症，女性贬抑
brandish/ˈbrændɪʃ/
v. 挑衅地挥舞, 激动地挥舞
e.g.
= wave
broad-brimmed hat
宽檐帽
e.g.
Her eyes brimmed with tears. (v.)
headgear/ˈhedɡɪr/
n. 帽子，头上戴的东西
cause/kɔːz/
n. 目标，事业
e.g.
Animal welfare campaigners raised £70 000 for their cause last year.
clad/klæd/
adj. 穿…衣服的；…覆盖的
e.g.
= dressed
She is clad in green velvet.
snow-clad hills
activism/ˈæktɪvɪzəm/
n. 行动主义；行动主义行为（activist adj.）
sexism/ˈseksɪzəm/
n.（尤指对女性的）性别歧视，性别偏见（sexist adj.）
e.g.
an article about the sexism in AI
a sexist attitude（adj.）
sb. be held to sth.
某人被动地遵从...（标准）
e.g.
hold someone to something
corset/ˈkɔːrsɪt/
n. （尤指旧时妇女束腰的）束身衣，紧身内衣
torrent/ˈtɔːrənt/
n. 连珠炮似的话语
e.g.
a torrent of abuse / criticism
conviction/kənˈvɪkʃn/
n. 坚定的看法，信念
e.g.
a conviction that all would be well in the end
crop/krɑːp/
v．（把头发）剪短（crop n.）
e.g.
She had her hair closely cropped.
He had a thick crop of black hair. (n.)
rebellion/rɪˈbeljən/
n. 反抗，不服从（rebel v./n.）
e.g.
rebellion against sexist values
spycam/ˈspaɪkæm/
n. 隐藏式摄像机
speak to sth.
与某物相关，对某物有感染力
intrusion/ɪnˈtruːʒn/
n. 扰乱，侵犯（intrude v.;intrusive adj.）
e.g.
The noise from the new airport is an intrusion on/upon their lives.
拓展内容
“My life is not your porn.” 抗议视频
本视频转自 YouTube，由流利阅读团队修改编辑。
“脱下束身衣”运动（the corset-free movement）与韩国女性
年轻的韩国女性正在挑战该国长期以来的美容文化，她们将这称为“脱掉束身衣”运动。很多参与者剪掉了长发，素颜出镜，然后把照片发到社交媒体。她们感觉到社会对她们强加的约束，想要行动起来进行反抗。韩国女性自小时候起就会接触到许多广告，这些广告告诉她们，要瘦、要白，要有无暇的肤色和完美的鹅蛋脸。
韩国美容产业的规模在全球名列前茅，每年销售额约 130 亿美元。韩国也是全球人均整容率最高的国家。在韩国，成功常常与外表紧密相连。去年的一项调查发现，88%的求职者认为，找工作时外形很重要。半数受访者说，他们会考虑通过整容来获得工作。
韩国女新闻主播的美丽标准
韩国文化广播公司（MBC）的主持人任铉珠做了一个大胆的决定——她成为了第一位在韩国电视节目上戴眼镜的新闻女主播，此前多年她一直被隐形眼镜和假睫毛困扰。据了解，很多韩国公司都有不成文的规定，禁止女性戴框架眼镜。
任铉珠发现，戴上眼镜后，上镜时更自如了。她说：“我觉得眼镜给我带来了很多改变。我不再穿不舒服的衣服，而是穿我喜欢的衬衫和裤子，我变得更自由了。我觉得这副眼镜给了我自由的翅膀。”
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