参考了很多博客,根据一些博客综合之后自己搭建成功了,写了这篇文章记录一下过程,希望给各位朋友一些帮助
环境准备
自己准备虚拟机环境配置好虚拟机[vm搭建] (http://note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=1cd5582fbe7351bb04e45f9e740ecd6f)
linux系统:CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810
jdk版本:jdk8+
zookeeper: zookeeper-3.4.14
hadoop: hadoop-2.7.7
卸载自带jdk,使用jdk1.8+以上
rpm -qa | grep java
使用rpm进行卸载
rpm -e java-xxx
rpm -e --nodeps java-xxx #强制卸载
一、分布式集群规划
节点名称 | IP地址 | NAMENODE(NN) | DATANODE(DN) | JJN | ZKFC | ZK |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hadoop1 | 172.16.0.161 | namenode 1 | datanode1 | journalnode | zkfc | zookeeper |
hadoop2 | 172.16.0.162 | namenode 2 | datanode2 | journalnode | zkfc | zookeeper |
hadoop3 | 172.16.0.163 | datanode3 | journalnode | zookeeper |
二、网络IP规划
2.1 修改主机名
以centos7为例修改主机名
vi /etc/hostname
在三台机器上分别执行
hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop1
hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop2
hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop3
补充:centos6修改主机名
vi /etc/sysconfig/network
将里面原来的信息修改如下:
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=hadoop1
2.2 修改相对应的hosts
查看ip ip addr
vi /etc/hosts 添加主机映射
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.0.161 hadoop1 #由于我的虚拟机ip被占用所有改成了172.16.0.170
172.16.0.162 hadoop2
172.16.0.163 hadoop3
重启系统 reboot
重启网路 service network start
三、关闭防火墙
Centos7系统默认防火墙不是iptables,而是firewall,那就得使用以下方式关闭防火墙了。
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
补充:Centos6关闭防火墙
service iptables status #查看防火墙状态
service iptables stop #关闭防火墙,但是重启后会恢复原来状态
chkconfig iptables --list #查看系统中防火墙的自动
chkconfig iptables off #关闭防火墙自启动
chkconfig iptables --list #再次查看防火墙自启动的情况,所有启动状态都变成额off
四、设置ssh免密登录
关于ssh免密码的设置,要求每两台主机之间设置免密码,自己的主机与自己的主机之间也要求设置免密码。 这项操作可以在root用户下执行,执行完毕公钥在/home/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
[root@hadoop1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@hadoop1 ~]# ssh-copy-id hadoop1
[root@hadoop1 ~]# ssh-copy-id hadoop2
[root@hadoop1 ~]# ssh-copy-id hadoop3
免密登录有时候没有成功遇到permission错误,可能是ids_rsa权限给大了,降低下就可以了
问题:Permissions 0644 for '/root/.ssh/id_rsa' are too open.
It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
Load key "/root/.ssh/id_rsa": bad permissions
root@192.168.108.130's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
没有改错,我是用了命令 chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa ,而且我看到权限也降低了,但是再次执行脚本还是出来上面这个错误,我输入root密码后就卡住了
- 修改本机 /root/.ssh/id_rsa
chmod 400 /root/.ssh/id_rsa
五、安装jdk
安装软件全部安装到/usr/local/hadoop目录下,统一管理
-
在/usr/local下 创建目录 hadoop , 并赋予权限
mkdir hadoop
sudo chmod -R 777 /usr/local/hadoop -
解压jdk-8u231
tar -zxvf jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz -
配置环境变量vi /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/jdk1.8.0_211
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
- 刷新配置,使其生效
source /etc/profile
六、安装zookeeper
- 在/usr/local/hadoop/ 目录下解压zookeeper
tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.14.tar.gz - 配置环境变量vi /etc/profile
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/zookeeper-3.4.14/
export PATH=$PATH:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin
-
刷新配置,使其生效
source /etc/profile -
zookeeper集群安装
4.1 进入/usr/local/hadoop/zookeeper-3.4.14/conf目录下 cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
4.2 修改zoo.cfg
注意:需要在相对应的目录下创建myid
例如在/data/zookeeper/ 目录下,命令如下:
cd /data/zookeeper
echo 1 > myid
#1,2,3分别表示dataDir目录(/data/zookeeper/myid)中的内容
server.1=hadoop1:2888:3888
server.2=hadoop2:2888:3888
server.3=hadoop3:2888:3888
# The number of milliseconds of each tick
tickTime=2000
# The number of ticks that the initial
# synchronization phase can take
initLimit=10
# The number of ticks that can pass between
# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement
syncLimit=5
# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
# do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just
# example sakes.
# 此处填写自己的目录位置
dataDir=/data/zookeeper
dataLogDir=/logs/zookeeper
# the port at which the clients will connect
clientPort=2181
# the maximum number of client connections.
# increase this if you need to handle more clients
#maxClientCnxns=60
#
# Be sure to read the maintenance section of the
# administrator guide before turning on autopurge.
#
# http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance
#
# The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir
#autopurge.snapRetainCount=3
# Purge task interval in hours
# Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature
#autopurge.purgeInterval=1
七、安装hadoop
- 在/usr/local/hadoop/ 目录下解压hadoop-2.7.7
tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.7.tar.gz - 配置环境变量vi /etc/profile
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
-
刷新配置,使其生效
source /etc/profile -
修改hadoop配置文件,进入/usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop
4.1 修改 hadoop-env.sh 中的JAVA_HOME,设置成绝对路径
#export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/jdk1.8.0_211
注意:配置中的注释在搭建环境中最好去掉,以免出现莫名其妙的问题,此处只是为了便于了解属性的含义
4.2 core-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- 指定文件系统的主节点-->
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://mycluster</value>
</property>
<!-- hadoop日志路径-->
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/data/hadoop/tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>io.file.buffer.size</name>
<value>4096</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定可以在任何IP访问-->
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxuuser.hduser.hosts</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定所有用户可以访问 -->
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.hduser.groups</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<!-- zookeeper集群地址 -->
<property>
<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4.3 hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- HA配置-->
<!-- 指定hdfs的集群名为mycluster -->
<property>
<name>dfs.nameservices</name>
<value>mycluster</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.mycluster</name>
<value>nn1,nn2</value>
</property>
<!-- namenode1 RPC端口-->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn1</name>
<value>hadoop1:9000</value>
</property>
<!-- namenode2 RPC端口-->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn2</name>
<value>hadoop2:9000</value>
</property>
<!-- namenode1 HTTP端口-->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn1</name>
<value>hadoop1:50070</value>
</property>
<!-- namenode2 HTTP端口-->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn2</name>
<value>hadoop2:50070</value>
</property>
<!-- HA故障切换 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.automic-failover.enabled.cluster</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- journalnode配置-->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
<value>qjournal://hadoop1:8485;hadoop2:8485;hadoop3:8485/mycluster</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.edits.journal-plugin.qjournal </name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.qjournal.client.QuorumJournalManager</value>
</property>
<!-- 发生failover时,Standby的节点要执行一系列方法把原来的Active节点中不健康的NameNode服务杀掉,这个叫fence过程。sshfence会公国ssh远程调用fuser命令去找到Active节点的NameNode服务并杀死它-->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
<value>
sshfence
shell(/bin/true)
</value>
</property>
<!-- SSH私钥 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
<value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
</property>
<!-- JournalNode 文件存储地址-->
<property>
<name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
<value>/data/hadoop/ha/jn</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permissions.enable</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<!-- 负责故障切换实现类 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.mycluster</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir.restore</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:///data/hadoop/dfsdata/name</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.blocksize</name>
<value>67108864</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:///data/hadoop/dfsdata/data</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>3</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定web可以方位hdfs目录 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4.4 mapred-site.xml
拷贝mapred-queues.xml.template 为 mapred-site.xml
cp mapred-queues.xml.template mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4.5 yarn-site.xml
<!-- resourcemanager 失联后重新链接的时间 -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.connect.retry-interval.ms</name>
<value>2000</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启resourcemanager HA,默认为false -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启resourcemanager 命名 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</name>
<value>rm1,rm2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</name>
<value>hadoop2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</name>
<value>hadoop3</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启resourcemanager故障自动切换,指定机器-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!--在 hadoop1 上配置 rm1,在 hadoop2 上配置 rm2, 注意:一般都喜欢把配置好的文件远程复制到其它机器上,但这个在 YARN 的另一个机器上一定要修改,其他机器上不配置此项-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.id</name>
<value>rm1</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启resourcemanager故障自动恢复-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.recovery.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 用户持久存储的类-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.store.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.recovery.ZKRMStateStore</value>
</property>
<!-- zookeeper集群地址-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</name>
<value>hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181</value>
</property>
<!-- 失联等待链接时间-->
<property>
<name>yarn.app.mapreduce.am.scheduler.connection.wait.interval-ms</name>
<value>5000</value>
</property>
<!-- 集群ID -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</name>
<value>mycluster</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启resourcemanager故障自动恢复-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.address.rm1</name>
<value>hadoop1:8132</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address.rm1</name>
<value>hadoop1:8130</value>
</property>
<!-- RM 的网页接口地址:端口-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address.rm1</name>
<value>hadoop1:8088</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address.rm1</name>
<value>hadoop1:8131</value>
</property>
<!-- RM 管理接口地址:端口-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address.rm1</name>
<value>hadoop1:8033</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.admin.address.rm1</name>
<value>hadoop1:23142</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.address.rm2</name>
<value>hadoop2:8132</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address.rm2</name>
<value>hadoop2:8130</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address.rm2</name>
<value>hadoop2:8088</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address.rm2</name>
<value>hadoop2:8131</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address.rm2</name>
<value>hadoop2:8033</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.admin.address.rm2</name>
<value>hadoop2:23142</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs</name>
<value>/data/hadoop/dfsdata/yarn/local</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs</name>
<value>/data/hadoop/dfsdata/logs</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>
<value>1024</value>
<discription>每个节点可用内存,单位 MB</discription>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb</name>
<value>258</value>
<discription>单个任务可申请最少内存,默认 1024MB</discription>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb</name>
<value>512</value>
<discription>单个任务可申请最大内存,默认 8192MB</discription>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.webapp.address</name>
<value>0.0.0.0:8042</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4.6 修改slaves文件
vi slaves
在其中添加
hadoop1
hadoop2
hadoop3
八、每个节点创建相对应的目录,分发hadoop所需文件到其他节点
- 创建目录, 并赋予读写权限
mkdir -p /data/zookeeper
mkdir -p /logs/zookeeper
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/dfsdata/name
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/dfsdata/data
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/dfsdata/logs
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/dfsdata/yarn/local
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/ha/jn
sudo chmod -R 777 /data
- 分发文件, 进入/usr/local目录下
scp -r hadoop root@hadoop2:/usr/local
scp -r hadoop root@hadoop3:/usr/local
九、启动
- 启动zookeeper集群, 按顺序启动
[root@hadoop1 zookeeper-3.4.14]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start
[root@hadoop2 zookeeper-3.4.14]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start
[root@hadoop3 zookeeper-3.4.14]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start
- 初始化hadoop,进入/usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7
2.1 格式化zk集群
/bin/hdfs zkfc -formatZK
2.2 开启journalnode进程,启动journalnode集群,在hadoop1,hadoop2,hadoop3上执行
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
[root@hadoop2 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
[root@hadoop3 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
2.3 在namenode1上执行格式化namenode
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./bin/hadoop namenode -format
2.4 启动datanode,在hadoop1,hadoop2,hadoop3上执行
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
[root@hadoop2 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
[root@hadoop3 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
2.5 启动namenode
2.5.1 namenode1
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
2.5.2 namenode2
[root@hadoop2 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./bin/hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby
[root@hadoop2 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
此时namenode1和namenode2同时处于 standby状态
http://172.16.0.170:50070/dfshealth.html#tab-overview
http://172.16.0.164:50070/dfshealth.html#tab-overview
image.png2.6启动zkfc服务
在namenode1和namenode2上同时执行以下命令:
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc
[root@hadoop2 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc
启动zkfc服务后,namenode1和namenode2会自动选举出active节点
image.png
image.png
十、验证
- 在/data目录下创建文件hello.txt
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# cd /data
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# echo hello world > hello.txt
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# cd /usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /test
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./bin/hdfs dfs -put /data/hello.txt /test
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# ./bin/hdfs dfs -cat /test/hello.txt
- HA故障自动切换
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# jps
[root@hadoop1 hadoop-2.7.7]# kill -9 pid #namenode pid
通过页面查看节点状态
http://172.16.0.170:50070/dfshealth.html#tab-overview
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