1.简介
Nginx Unit是一个面向微服务架构的、依托Nginx、支持多语言的动态Web应用服务器。
在2018年6月7日发布了1.2版本。
官网：https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx-unit/
项目地址：https://github.com/nginx/unit
2.功能
- 可使用 RESTful JSON API 动态配置服务器
- 可同时运行多语言及多版本的应用
- 动态语言的进程管理功能（开发中）
- TLS 支持（开发中）
- TCP, HTTP, HTTPS, HTTP/2 路由和代理（开发中）
3.支持语言
- Python
- PHP
- Go
- Perl
- Ruby
- JavaScript/Node.js (开发中)
- Java (开发中)
4.环境搭建
OS：Ubuntu 18.04
4.1 下载密钥并将其添加到apt的keyring
$ wget https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
$ sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
该密钥用于验证Nginx公司签发的仓库软件包,以消除安装过程中的告警。
4.2 新增软件源
创建文件：/etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list，并
添加内容：
deb https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu/ bionic unit
deb-src https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu/ bionic unit
4.3 安装Unit基础包
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install unit
4.4 安装模块包
根据需要添加：
$ sudo apt-get install unit-python3.6 unit-go1.9
当前1.2版本支持模块有：
unit-python2.7
unit-python3.6
unit-go1.9
unit-go1.10
unit-perl
unit-php
unit-ruby
安装输出信息：
The Go 1.9 module for NGINX Unit has been installed.
To check out the sample app, run these commands:
GOPATH=/usr/share/gocode /usr/lib/go-1.9/bin/go build -o /tmp/go1.9-app /usr/share/doc/unit-go1.9/examples/go-app/let-my-people.go
sudo service unit restart
sudo service unit loadconfig /usr/share/doc/unit-go1.9/examples/unit.config
curl http://localhost:8500/
Online documentation is available at https://unit.nginx.org
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unpacking unit-go1.9 (1.2-1~bionic) ...
Selecting previously unselected package unit-python3.6.
Preparing to unpack .../7-unit-python3.6_1.2-1~bionic_amd64.deb ...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Python 3.6 module for NGINX Unit has been installed.
To check out the sample app, run these commands:
sudo service unit restart
sudo service unit loadconfig /usr/share/doc/unit-python3.6/examples/unit.config
curl http://localhost:8400/
Online documentation is available at https://unit.nginx.org
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unpacking unit-python3.6 (1.2-1~bionic) ...
Setting up golang-1.9-race-detector-runtime (0.0+svn285455-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up pkg-config (0.29.1-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up golang-1.9-src (1.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ...
Setting up unit-python3.6 (1.2-1~bionic) ...
Setting up golang-1.9-go (1.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up golang-1.9-doc (1.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up golang-1.9 (1.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up unit-go1.9 (1.2-1~bionic) ...
5.开发步骤
5.1 启动unit服务
$ sudo unitd --control 127.0.0.1:8443
为了便于使用RESTful JSON API动态配置服务器，配置--control指定IP和端口，默认采用：
unix:/var/run/control.unit.sock
查看进程是否成功启动：
调用返回如下信息，说明启动成功：
5.2 服务接口编写
- Go
文件名：unit.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"nginx/unit"
)
func index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "text/plain")
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Go ngnix unit")
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", index)
unit.ListenAndServe("8000", nil)
}
编译：
$ GOPATH=/usr/share/gocode go build -o go-app unit.go
- python
unit.py
import sys
def application(environ, start_response):
body = sys.version.encode("utf-8")
status = "200 OK"
headers = [("Content-type", "text/plain")]
start_response(status, headers)
return [body]
5.3 动态全量添加配置
$ cat go.json
{
"applications": {
"example_go": {
"type": "go",
"user": "nobody",
"executable": "/home/jasonruan/Software/Ngnix/Unit/example/go/go-app"
}
},
"listeners": {
"*:8500": {
"application": "unit_go"
}
}
}
- 全量配置动态加载：
$ curl -X PUT -d@go.json 127.0.0.1:8443
{
"success": "Reconfiguration done."
}
-
查看配置，已加载成功：
-
测试接口，返回预期信息：
5.4 动态调整配置
- 编写python服务接口的配置，进行增量追加
配置：
$ cat unit_python.json
{
"type": "python 3.6",
"user": "nobody",
"processes": 2,
"path": "/home/jasonruan/Software/Ngnix/Unit/example/python",
"module": "unit"
}
- 追加配置：
$ curl -X PUT -d@unit_python.json '127.0.0.1:8443/applications/unit_python'
{
"success": "Reconfiguration done."
}
- 查看配置情况：
$ http 127.0.0.1:8443
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: close
Content-Length: 421
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2018 01:22:42 GMT
Server: Unit/1.2
{
"applications": {
"unit_go": {
"executable": "/home/jasonruan/Software/Ngnix/Unit/example/go/go-app",
"type": "go",
"user": "nobody"
},
"unit_python": {
"module": "unit",
"path": "/home/jasonruan/Software/Ngnix/Unit/example/python",
"processes": 2,
"type": "python 3.6",
"user": "nobody"
}
},
"listeners": {
"*:8500": {
"application": "unit_go"
}
}
}
- 将listeners动态改为unit_python：
$ curl -X PUT -d '"unit_python"' '127.0.0.1:8443/listeners/*:8500/application'
{
"success": "Reconfiguration done."
}
-
测试：
符合预期，返回内容是python api提供服务内容。
-
追加Go的listener配置：
$ curl -X PUT -d@unit_go.json '127.0.0.1:8443/listeners/*:8600'
-
测试：
Go和Python服务均能正常访问，符合预期。
5.5 动态删除配置
$ curl -X DELETE '127.0.0.1:8443/listeners/*:8600'
{
"success": "Reconfiguration done."
}
$ curl -X DELETE '127.0.0.1:8443/applications/unit_go'
{
"success": "Reconfiguration done."
}
注：需要删除listeners后方能删除applications配置。
6.后记
本文只是一篇初浅的入门文章，重点介绍了环境搭建以及动态配置服务器，与Nginx整合及安全性等方面后续进行补充。
7.参考
http://unit.nginx.org/?_ga=2.114330055.1787926827.1528855190-288714655.1525766596
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