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java基础-day51-Spring01

java基础-day51-Spring01

作者: 触手不可及 | 来源:发表于2021-07-10 08:25 被阅读0次
    image.png

    一、xml方式访问数据库


    1.1 Spring的JdbcTemplate

    Spring的JdbcTemplate(了解会用)
    在Spring中提供了一个可以操作数据库的对象org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate,对象封装了jdbc技术,JDBC的模板对象与DBUtils中的QueryRunner非常相似.

    测试:
    在pom.xml中导入依赖

    <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
         <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
     </dependency>
    

    编写测试类:

    JdbcTemplate jt = new JdbcTemplate();
    jt.setDataSource(dataSource);
    
    List<User> list = jt.query("select * from user where id =?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),1);
    
    System.out.println(list.get(0));
    
    //jt.update("delete from  user where id =?",4);
    

    1.2 创建user表并添加数据

    CREATE TABLE USER(

    id INT,
    username VARCHAR(20),
    PASSWORD VARCHAR(20)

    )

    1.3 pom.xml导入相关依赖

    <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
             <version>1.18.12</version>
         </dependency>
    
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
             <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
         </dependency>
    
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
             <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
         </dependency>
    
         <dependency>
             <groupId>mysql</groupId>
             <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
             <version>8.0.20</version>
         </dependency>
    
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
             <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
             <version>1.1.19</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>junit</groupId>
             <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
             <version>4.12</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
    
     </dependencies>
    

    1.3 编写pojo

    package com.qf.pojo;
    
    import lombok.Data;
    
    @Data
    public class User {
    
     private Integer id;
     private String name;
     private String password;
    
    }
    

    1.4 编写dao

    package com.qf.dao;
    
    import com.qf.pojo.User;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public interface UserDao {
    
     List<User> findAll();
    }
    

    package com.qf.dao.impl;
    
    import com.qf.dao.UserDao;
    import com.qf.pojo.User;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    
     private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
     public List<User> findAll() {
    
         return  jdbcTemplate.query("select * from user",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class));
    
     }
    
     public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
         this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
     }
    }
    

    1.5 编写service

    package com.qf.service;
    
    import com.qf.pojo.User;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public interface UserService {
    
     List<User> findAll();
    }
    

    package com.qf.service.impl;
    
    import com.qf.dao.UserDao;
    import com.qf.pojo.User;
    import com.qf.service.UserService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    
     private UserDao userDao;
    
     public List<User> findAll() {
         return userDao.findAll();
     }
    
     public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
         this.userDao = userDao;
     }
    }
    

    1.6 编写controller

    package com.qf.cotroller;
    
    import com.qf.pojo.User;
    import com.qf.service.UserService;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class UserController {
    
     private UserService userService;
    
     public List<User> findAll(){
    
         return userService.findAll();
     }
    
     public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
         this.userService = userService;
     }
    }
    

    1.7 jdbc.properties配置文件

    jdbc.username = root
    jdbc.password= root
    jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql:///java2001?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
    jdbc.driverClassName = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    

    1.8 applicationContext.xml配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
         <!-- 引入jdbc.properties配置文件 -->
         <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    
         <!-- 配置druid数据库连接池 -->
         <bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
                 <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
                 <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
                 <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
                 <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"></property>
    
         <!-- 配置spring的jdbcTemplate-->
         <bean name="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
                 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
         </bean>
    
         <!-- dao -->
         <bean name="userDao" class="com.qf.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
                 <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"></property>
         </bean>
    
         <!-- service -->
         <bean name="userService" class="com.qf.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
                 <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
         </bean>
    
         <!-- controller -->
         <bean name="userController" class="com.qf.cotroller.UserController">
                 <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
         </bean>
    
    </beans>
    

    1.9 测试

    package com.qf.test;
    
    import com.alibaba.druid.pool.vendor.SybaseExceptionSorter;
    import com.qf.cotroller.UserController;
    import com.qf.pojo.User;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class TestUserController {
    
     @Test
     public void test_findAll(){
    
         ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext =
                 new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    
         UserController userController =
                 (UserController)applicationContext.getBean("userController");
    
         List<User> list = userController.findAll();
    
         System.out.println(list);
     }
    }
    

    二、注解方式访问数据库


    2.1 Spring中的注解

    @Configuration
    作用:指定当前类是一个配置类
    细节:当配置类作为AnnotationConfigApplicationContext对象创建的参数时,该注解可以不写。

    @ComponentScan
    作用:用于通过注解指定spring在创建容器时要扫描的包
    属性:value:它和basePackages的作用是一样的,都是用于指定创建容器时要扫描的包。
    等同于xml中: <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf"/>

    @PropertySource
    作用:用于指定properties文件的位置
    属性:value:指定文件的名称和路径。
    关键字:classpath,表示类路径下

    等同于xml中: <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    @Bean
    作用:用于把当前方法的返回值作为bean对象存入spring的ioc容器中
    属性:name:用于指定bean的id。当不写时,默认值是当前方法的名称
    细节:当我们使用注解配置方法时,如果方法有参数,在参数前加:@Qualifier("@Bean注解中name的值"),spring框架会去容器中查找有没有可用的bean对象查找的方式和Autowired注解的作用是一样的。

     @Bean("dataSource1")
     public DataSource getDataSource1(){
      try{
          Properties pro = new Properties();
          pro.setProperty("url",url);
          pro.setProperty("username",username);
          pro.setProperty("password",password);
          pro.setProperty("driverClassName",driver);
    
          DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
          return dataSource;
    
      } catch (Exception e){
      }
         return null;
     }
    
     @Bean("dataSource2")
     public DataSource getDataSource2(){
         try{
             Properties pro = new Properties();
             pro.setProperty("url",url);
             pro.setProperty("username",username);
             pro.setProperty("password",password);
             pro.setProperty("driverClassName",driver);
    
             DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
             return dataSource;
    
         } catch (Exception e){
         }
         return null;
     }
    
     @Bean("dataSource")
     public DataSource getDataSource(@Qualifier("dataSource1") DataSource ds){
         return ds;
     }
    

    @Import
    作用:用于导入其他的配置类
    属性:value:用于指定其他配置类的字节码。
    当我们使用Import的注解之后,有Import注解的类就父配置类,而导入的都是子配置类

    等同于xml中:  <import resource="xxx.xml"></import>
    

    2.2 创建pojo,dao,service,controller

    使用@Repository,@Service,@Controller以及@Autowired 配置所需代码

    2.3 创建jdbc.properties配置文件

    jdbc.username = root
    jdbc.password= root
    jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql:///java2001?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
    jdbc.driverClassName = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    

    2.5 创建SpringConfiguration.java作为注解配置类,它的作用和bean.xml是一样的

    package com.qf.config;
    
    import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    
    import javax.sql.DataSource;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    
    @PropertySource(value = "classpath:jdbc.properties")
    @ComponentScan("com.qf")
    @Configuration
    public class SpringConfiguration {
    
     @Value("${jdbc.driverClassName}")
     private String driverClassName;
    
     @Value("${jdbc.url}")
     private String url;
    
     @Value("${jdbc.username}")
     private String username;
    
     @Value("${jdbc.password}")
     private String password;
    
     @Bean("jdbcTemplate")
     public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate(){
    
         try{
             Properties pro = new Properties();
             pro.setProperty("url",url);
             pro.setProperty("username",username);
             pro.setProperty("password",password);
             pro.setProperty("driverClassName",driverClassName);
    
             DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
    
             JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
             return jdbcTemplate;
    
         } catch (Exception e){
    
         }
         return null;
     }
    }
    

    2.6 使用Spring整合junit测试

    Spring整合junit的配置
    1. 导入spring整合junit坐标
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    2. 使用Junit提供的一个注解把原有的main方法替换了,替换成spring提供的
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

    1. 告知spring的运行器,spring和ioc创建是基于xml还是注解的,并且说明位置
      @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
      locations:指定xml文件的位置,classpath关键字表示在类路径下

      @ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class)
      classes:指定注解配置类(需要手动编写配置类)

    注意:当我们使用spring 5.x版本的时候,要求junit的jar必须是4.12及以上,spring版本必须保持一致

    2.7 编写测试类进行测试

    package com.qf.test;
    
    import com.qf.config.SpringConfiguration;
    import com.qf.cotroller.UserController;
    import com.qf.pojo.User;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class)
    public class TestUserController {
    
     @Autowired
     private UserController userController;
    
     @Test
     public void test_findAll() throws Exception{
    
         List<User> list = userController.findAll();
    
         System.out.println(list);
    
     }
    
    }
    

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