英语是一种符号学，甚至符号学都是语言学中的一个非常关键的分支。其实符号的重要性不容小视，今天我们通过聊聊“V-ing”和“逗号+V-ing”,来看看有逗号无逗号的区别。
V-ing
a crying baby
这里是V-ing直接放在名词前后表示动作cry和动作发出者baby他们是主动关系。
The fabled city of Timbuktu was founded by nomads seeking shelter from the Sahara desert on the cool banks
of Niger River. （摘自GMAT SC 真题）
黑体部分nomads seeking是nomads主动发出seek的动作，理解为：游牧民寻找…
Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp's ridley
turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles. （摘自GMAT SC真题）
黑体部分laws requiring是law主动发出require的动作，理解为：法律要求…
逗号+V-ing
逗号+V-ing出现在主句后面：1表示前面事情带来后面结果2表示前面主句谓语动词和V-ing中的动词v同时进行。
The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rosesharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.
黑体部分用逗号+V-ing是因为前面主句说The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply乘坐头等舱的人显著增加带来的结果就是使之前的增加翻了一倍。
Last week local shrimpers held a newsconference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp's ridleyturtle, saying thattheir compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets isprotecting adult sea turtles.（摘自GMAT SC真题）
黑体部分用逗号+V-ing是因为前面主句提到Last week local shrimpers held a news conference… 人们举行了一场听证会的同时他们说了什么，两个动作同时进行。
希望通过以上讲解对你有帮助
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