Firstly I used Anaconda3 to create an environment and install opencv with contirb but failed. I tried 3.4.3 and 3.1.0, all faild in cmake. At last I unload Anaconda3 and this time I succeed.
1.Prepare:
依赖关系：
GCC 4.4.x or later
CMake 2.8.7 or higher
Git
GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)
pkg-config
Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)
ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev
[optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev
[optional] libdc1394 2.x
[optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev
注：官方文档中虽然说其中一些依赖包是可选的，但是最好还是都装上，以防出问题。
以上依赖包可用以下命令安装:
sudoapt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install cmake
git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
sudo apt-get installpython-dev
python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
下载源码：
a.可以从opencv官网直接下载：http://opencv.org/downloads.html
b.也可以从github上clone:
cd~/<my_working_directory> //比如工作目录为opencv即，cd~/opencv
git clone https://github.com/Itseez/opencv.git
git clone https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib.git
2 Cmake:
建立一个编译目录（例如：/build）把cmake后的文件都放在这里边。
cd~/opencv
mkdirbuild //建立一个build目录，把cmake的文件都放着里边
cdbuild //进入build目录
文件目录结构如下
opencv
--3rdpary ...and so on
---opencv_contrib
---build
然后开始cmake，这里需要注意几个cmake的参数，比较重要。
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local-D
OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=<path to opencv_contrib/modules/> ..
注：命令中最后的" .. "（空格+两个点）千万不要忘记
其中 CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release / Debug
OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH 就是用来指定要编译的扩展模块，后边加上刚下载的opencv_contrib模块的路径即可。
这里官方文档上还给出了其他一些参数，但是我没用过，这里就不再描述了。有需要的可以查看http://docs.opencv.org/trunk/d7/d9f/tutorial_linux_install.html
进入上述中新建的build文件目录中 my commands:
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv/opencv_contrib/modules/ -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
if cmake succees, here you will see Congfigure done
3 make&insatall:
把代码编译成可执行文件，这里官方推荐使用多进程编译，推荐七个进程：
make -j7
并行运行七个jobs，这一步也在build目录中进行
here I got an error in 100%... : opencv hdf5.h: 没有那个文件或目录
and solved:
dirty hardcoding
find_package(HDF5)
include_directories(${HDF5_INCLUDE_DIRS})
into modules/python/common.cmake
install:
sudo make install
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