安装 Flutter 环境

一、使用镜像

由于在国内访问 Flutter 有时可能会受到限制，Flutter 官方为中国开发者搭建了临时镜像，大家可以将如下环境变量加入到用户环境变量中：

export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn

注意： 此镜像为临时镜像，并不能保证一直可用，读者可以参考详情请参考 Using Flutter in China 以获得有关镜像服务器的最新动态。

二、在 macOS 上搭建 Flutter 开发环境

1.去 Flutter 官网下载其最新可用的安装包，转到下载页 。

2.解压安装包到你想安装的目录，如：

cd ~/development
unzip ~/Downloads/flutter_macos_v0.5.1-beta.zip

3.添加 Flutter 相关工具到 path 中，编辑 .bash_profile 文件：

export PATH=~/code/flutter/bin:$PATH

注意: 如果你使用终端是 zsh，终端启动时 ~/.bash_profile 将不会被加载，解决办法就是修改 ～/.zshrc ，在其中添加：source ～/.bash_profile

4.安装完成 Flutter 之后可以通过 flutter doctor 命令查看环境配置是否正常：

~ » flutter doctor -v                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 2.2.3, on macOS 11.5.2 20G95 darwin-x64, locale zh-Hans-CN)
    • Flutter version 2.2.3 at /Users/yoser/Documents/tool/flutter
    • Framework revision f4abaa0735 (3 months ago), 2021-07-01 12:46:11 -0700
    • Engine revision 241c87ad80
    • Dart version 2.13.4
    • Pub download mirror https://pub.flutter-io.cn
    • Flutter download mirror https://storage.flutter-io.cn

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 30.0.2)
    • Android SDK at /Users/yoser/Library/Android/sdk
    • Platform android-30, build-tools 30.0.2
    • Java binary at: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.10+0-b96-7281165)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS
    • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
    • Xcode 12.5.1, Build version 12E507
    • CocoaPods version 1.10.2

[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome

[✓] Android Studio (version 2020.3)
    • Android Studio at /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.10+0-b96-7281165)

[✓] VS Code (version 1.60.1)
    • VS Code at /Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents
    • Flutter extension version 3.26.0

[✓] Connected device (2 available)
    • Android SDK built for x86 (mobile) • emulator-5554 • android-x86    • Android 11 (API 30) (emulator)
    • Chrome (web)                       • chrome        • web-javascript • Google Chrome 93.0.4577.82

• No issues found!