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Spring Aop:二、自动创建代理(Proxy)

Spring Aop:二、自动创建代理(Proxy)

作者: weihy | 来源:发表于2019-11-01 12:07 被阅读0次

    本文参考实验楼教程:https://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/578/learning/?id=1940

     在上一篇文章中Spring-Aop:一、四种Advice(本文沿用上一篇文章的实验内容),我们必须为每一个需要AOP的bean创建一个Proxy(比如:customerService 与 customerServiceProxy)。
     这不是一个很好的体验,例如我们想为DAO层的所有bean都支持AOP,以便写SQL日志,那么必须手工在xml配置文件中一个一个的为他们创建ProxyFactoryBean,这样会直接导致xml文件身份复杂并且臃肿,不利于维护。

     Spring中,提供了两种自动创建代理的方法:

    • 利用BeanNameAutoProxyCreator自动创建Proxy
    • 利用DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator自动创建Proxy
    1、手动创建ProxyFactoryBean实例

     配置好Advisor之后,手动创建ProxyFactoryBean并将其interceptorNames配置上Advisor。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.CustomerService">
            <property name="name" value="weihouye"/>
            <property name="url" value="www.weihouyeaiyangzhan.com"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!--<bean id="weiBeforeMethod" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.WeiBeforeMethod"/>-->
        <!--<bean id="weiAfterMethod" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.WeiAfterMethod"/>-->
        <!--<bean id="weiThrowExceptionMethod" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.WeiThrowExceptionMethod"/>-->
        <bean id="weiAroundMethod" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.WeiAroundMethod"/>
    
        <!--<bean id="customerPointcut" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcut">-->
            <!--<property name="mappedName" value="printName"/>-->
        <!--</bean>-->
    
        <!--<bean id="customerAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor">-->
            <!--<property name="pointcut" ref="customerPointcut"/>-->
            <!--<property name="advice" ref="weiAroundMethod"/>-->
        <!--</bean>-->
    
        <!--pointcut和advisor可以一起配置,只要在配置customerAdvisor时,选择NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor-->
        <!--<bean id="customerAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor">-->
            <!--<property name="mappedName" value="printName"/>-->
            <!--<property name="advice" ref="weiAroundMethod"/>-->
        <!--</bean>-->
    
        <bean id="customerAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
            <property name="patterns">
                <list>
                    <value>.*URL.*</value>
                </list>
            </property>
            <property name="advice" ref="weiAroundMethod"/>
        </bean>
    
        <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
            <property name="target" ref="customerService"/>
            <property name="interceptorNames">
                <list>
                    <!--<value>weiBeforeMethod</value>-->
                    <!--<value>weiAfterMethod</value>-->
                    <!--<value>weiThrowExceptionMethod</value>-->
                    <value>customerAdvisor</value>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    

    配置完xml文件,还要在App.java中得到customerServiceProxy,代码如下:

    
            context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringAopAdvice.xml");
            CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) context.getBean("customerServiceProxy");
    
    
    2、利用BeanNameAutoProxyCreator自动创建Proxy

     在这种方法中,我们需要创建BeanNameAutoProxyCreator,将所有的Bean通过正则或者名字匹配与Advisor关联,SpringAopAdvice.xml配置如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.CustomerService">
            <property name="name" value="weihouye"/>
            <property name="url" value="www.weihouyeaiyangzhan.com"/>
        </bean>
    
        <bean id="weiAroundMethod" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.WeiAroundMethod"/>
    
        <bean id="customerAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
            <property name="patterns">
                <list>
                    <value>.*URL.*</value>
                </list>
            </property>
            <property name="advice" ref="weiAroundMethod"/>
        </bean>
    
        <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
            <property name="beanNames">
                <list>
                    <value>*Service</value>
                </list>
            </property>
            <property name="interceptorNames">
                <list>
                    <value>customerAdvisor</value>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    

     以上配置中只要bean 的id符合*Service就会自动创建Proxy,所以,可以使用一下代码获取Proxy:

            context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringAopAdvice.xml");
    
            CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) context.getBean("customerService");
    

     运行结果如下:

    *************************
    Customer name: weihouye
    *************************
    Method Name: printURL
    Method Arguments: []
    WeiBeforeMethod: Before method hi wei!!!
    Customer URL: www.weihouyeaiyangzhan.com
    WeiAfterMethod: After Method hi wei!!
    *************************
    
    3、利用DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator自动创建Proxy

      利用DefaultAdvisorProxyCreator自动创建代理,任何匹配Advisor的Bean,都会自动创建Proxy实现AOP,所以慎用。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.CustomerService">
            <property name="name" value="weihouye"/>
            <property name="url" value="www.weihouyeaiyangzhan.com"/>
        </bean>
    
        <bean id="weiAroundMethod" class="com.shiyanlou.spring.aop.advice.WeiAroundMethod"/>
    
        <bean id="customerAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
            <property name="patterns">
                <list>
                    <value>.*URL.*</value>
                </list>
            </property>
            <property name="advice" ref="weiAroundMethod"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!--利用DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator自动创建代理-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"/>
    
    </beans>
    

     以上配置,容器中的bean,有方法名和.*URL.*匹配的方法,在使用时,都会自动创建Proxy,如下获取代理:

            context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringAopAdvice.xml");
    
            CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) context.getBean("customerService");
    

    实验结果同上。

    4、个人总结

     从实验结果看来,Spring Aop编程有三个要点:

    1. 四种通知Advices 定义了,拦截器的代码在被拦截类的方法中执行的时机:
    • Before Advice —— 被代理类方法执行前,执行拦截器代码;
    • After Returning Advice —— 被代理类方法执行后(且无异常);
    • After Throwing Advice —— 被代理类方法执行抛出异常后;
    • Around advice —— 环绕通知,结合了以上三种
    1. Pointcut 定义了要拦截被代理类的哪个方法,通过正则匹配或者方法名匹配。Advisor 将 Advice 和 Pointcut 结合组成独立的单元,可以传给ProxyFactoryBean
    2. 第三点要定义容器中的哪些bean需要作为被代理类,为它创建相应的代理类;
    • 手动创建代理 —— 创建ProxyFactoryBean,指定target属性(被代理的bean),指定interceptorNames(拦截器)
    • 自动创建代理 —— 利用BeanNameAutoProxyCreatorDefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator自动创建Proxy

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