主要有三个步骤：
创建 ArgumentParser() 对象
调用 add_argument() 方法添加参数
使用 parse_args() 解析添加的参数
parse = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parse.add_argument('--echo', type=int, help='not a int')
parse.add_argument('--print', type=int, help='not a int')
args = parse.parse_args()
if args.echo:
print(args.echo**3)
if args.print:
print(args.print**2)
更多可参考
https://www.jianshu.com/p/fef2d215b91d
1.1 基本使用
配置logging基本的设置，然后在控制台输出日志，
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level = logging.INFO,format = '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
logger.info("Finish")
logging.basicConfig函数各参数：
filename：指定日志文件名；
filemode：和file函数意义相同，指定日志文件的打开模式，'w'或者'a'；
format：指定输出的格式和内容，format可以输出很多有用的信息，
参数：作用
%(levelno)s：打印日志级别的数值
%(levelname)s：打印日志级别的名称
%(pathname)s：打印当前执行程序的路径，其实就是sys.argv[0]
%(filename)s：打印当前执行程序名
%(funcName)s：打印日志的当前函数
%(lineno)d：打印日志的当前行号
%(asctime)s：打印日志的时间
%(thread)d：打印线程ID
%(threadName)s：打印线程名称
%(process)d：打印进程ID
%(message)s：打印日志信息
datefmt：指定时间格式，同time.strftime()；
level：设置日志级别，默认为logging.WARNNING；
2.1 将日志写入到文件
设置logging，创建一个FileHandler，并对输出消息的格式进行设置，将其添加到logger，然后将日志写入到指定的文件中
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
logger.info("Finish")
2.2 将日志同时输出到屏幕和日志文件
logger中添加StreamHandler，可以将日志输出到屏幕上
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.addHandler(console)
logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
logger.info("Finish")
2.3 日志回滚
使用RotatingFileHandler，可以实现日志回滚
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
#定义一个RotatingFileHandler，最多备份3个日志文件，每个日志文件最大1K
rHandler = RotatingFileHandler("log.txt",maxBytes = 1*1024,backupCount = 3)
rHandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
rHandler.setFormatter(formatter)
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
console.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(rHandler)
logger.addHandler(console)
logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
logger.info("Finish")
2.4 捕获traceback
Python中的traceback模块被用于跟踪异常返回信息，可以在logging中记录下traceback，
代码
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.addHandler(console)
logger.info("Start print log")
logger.debug("Do something")
logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
try:
open("sklearn.txt","rb")
except (SystemExit,KeyboardInterrupt):
raise
except Exception:
logger.error("Faild to open sklearn.txt from logger.error",exc_info = True)
logger.info("Finish")
2.5 多模块使用logging
主模块mainModule.py
import logging
import subModule
logger = logging.getLogger("mainModule")
logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
console.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.addHandler(console)
logger.info("creating an instance of subModule.subModuleClass")
a = subModule.SubModuleClass()
logger.info("calling subModule.subModuleClass.doSomething")
a.doSomething()
logger.info("done with subModule.subModuleClass.doSomething")
logger.info("calling subModule.some_function")
subModule.som_function()
logger.info("done with subModule.some_function")
子模块subModule.py
import logging
module_logger = logging.getLogger("mainModule.sub")
class SubModuleClass(object):
def __init__(self):
self.logger = logging.getLogger("mainModule.sub.module")
self.logger.info("creating an instance in SubModuleClass")
def doSomething(self):
self.logger.info("do something in SubModule")
a = []
a.append(1)
self.logger.debug("list a = " + str(a))
self.logger.info("finish something in SubModuleClass")
def som_function():
module_logger.info("call function some_function")
3.1 通过JSON文件配置
JSON配置文件
{
"version":1,
"disable_existing_loggers":false,
"formatters":{
"simple":{
"format":"%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
}
},
"handlers":{
"console":{
"class":"logging.StreamHandler",
"level":"DEBUG",
"formatter":"simple",
"stream":"ext://sys.stdout"
},
"info_file_handler":{
"class":"logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
"level":"INFO",
"formatter":"simple",
"filename":"info.log",
"maxBytes":"10485760",
"backupCount":20,
"encoding":"utf8"
},
"error_file_handler":{
"class":"logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
"level":"ERROR",
"formatter":"simple",
"filename":"errors.log",
"maxBytes":10485760,
"backupCount":20,
"encoding":"utf8"
}
},
"loggers":{
"my_module":{
"level":"ERROR",
"handlers":["info_file_handler"],
"propagate":"no"
}
},
"root":{
"level":"INFO",
"handlers":["console","info_file_handler","error_file_handler"]
}
}
通过JSON加载配置文件，然后通过logging.dictConfig配置logging
import json
import logging.config
import os
def setup_logging(default_path = "logging.json",default_level = logging.INFO,env_key = "LOG_CFG"):
path = default_path
value = os.getenv(env_key,None)
if value:
path = value
if os.path.exists(path):
with open(path,"r") as f:
config = json.load(f)
logging.config.dictConfig(config)
else:
logging.basicConfig(level = default_level)
def func():
logging.info("start func")
logging.info("exec func")
logging.info("end func")
if __name__ == "__main__":
setup_logging(default_path = "logging.json")
func()
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