1. have consequences far beyond its borders
影响远远超出国界
2. stagnate
verb
- to stop developing or making progress停滞，不发展，不进步
e.g. I feel I'm stagnating in this job.
- to be or become stagnant 因不流动而变得污浊
e.g. The water in the pond was stagnating.
noun: stagnation
3. hallmark
noun
- a feature or quality that is typical of somebody/something 特征，特点
e.g. Police said the explosion bore all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack. 拥有所有特征
- a mark put on gold, silver and platinum objects that shows the quality of the metal and gives information about when and where the object was made 金银纯度印记
verb
- to put a hallmark on metal goods 打金银纯度印记
4. upheaval
noun
- a big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems. = disruption 激变，巨变，动荡
e.g. I can't face the upheaval of moving house again.
a period of emotional upheaval.
5. insurgent
noun
- a person fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country 起义者，叛乱者，造反者
= rebel
e.g. an attack by armed insurgents
adj
- fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country 叛乱的
= rebellious
e.g. insurgent groups/attacks
6. upstart
noun
暴发户，狂妄自大的新手
start up : 开始，发动
7. reverberate
verb
- (of a sound)to be repeated several times as it is reflected off different surfaces 回响，回荡
= echo
e.g. Her voice reverberated around the hall.
- (of a place)to seem to shake because of a loud noise 震颤，摇晃
e.g. The hall reverberated with the sound of music and dancing.
- to have a strong effect on people for a long time or over a large area 产生深远影响
e.g. Repercussions of the case continue to reverberate through the financial world.
8. allege
verb
- to state something as a fact but without giving proof 断言，声称
e.g. It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners.
assert
9. grumble
verb
- to complain about somebody/something in a bad-tempered way 咕哝，发牢骚
e.g. She's always grumbling to me about how badly she's treated at work.
- to make a deep continuous sound 咕隆，发轰隆声
e.g. Thunder grumbled in the distance.
10. sluggish
adj
- moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy 行动迟缓的，缓慢的，懒洋洋的
e.g. The growth of the export market has helped to compensate for sluggish demand at home. 疲软的国内需求
11. sap the country's vitality
削弱国家生命力
sap
noun
- the liquid in a plant or tree that carries food to all its parts 汁液
e.g. Maple syrup is made from sap extracted from the sugar maple tree.
- a stupid person that you can easily trick, or treat unfairly 笨蛋，易上当的人
e.g. The poor sap never knew what was going on behind his back.
verb
- to make something/somebody weaker; to destroy something gradually 使虚弱，削弱，逐渐破坏
e.g. Years of failure have sapped him of his confidence.
12. malaise
noun
- the problems affecting a particular situation or group of people that are difficult to explain or identify 难以捉摸的问题
e.g. The latest crime figures are merely symptomatic of a wider malaise in society.
- a general feeling of being ill/sick, unhappy or not satisfied, without signs of any particular problem 莫名的不适
= unease
e.g. a serious malaise among the staff
13. rift
noun
- a serious disagreement between people that stops their relationship from continuing 分歧，严重不和
= division, breach
e.g. The rift within the party deepened.
- a large crack or opening in the ground, rocks or clouds 裂口，裂缝
e.g. Through a rift in the clouds we could see a beautiful blue sky.
14. throw the bums out
把这些没用的人赶出去
bum
noun
- the part of the body that you sit on 屁股 backside
- a person who has no home or job and who asks other people for money or food 无业游民，流浪乞丐
e.g. a beach bum
- a lazy person who does nothing for other people or for society 懒汉，游手好闲者
e.g. He's nothing but a no-good bum!
verb
- to get something from somebody by asking 乞讨
= cadge
e.g. Can I bum a cigarette off you?
- to make somebody feel upset or disappointed 使不安，使灰心
adj
- of bad quality; wrong or useless 劣质的，没用的
e.g. He didn't play one bum note.
15. tap into
利用，开发
16. perilous
adj
- very dangerous非常危险
= hazardous
e.g. a perilous adventure/journey
17. obstruct foreign trade
verb
- to block a road, an entrance, a passage, etc. so that somebody/something cannot get through, see past, etc. 阻塞，阻挡
e.g. You can't park here, you're obstructing my driveway.
- to prevent somebody/something from doing something or making progress, especially when this is done deliberately 妨碍，阻挠
= hinder
e.g. They were charged with obstructing the police in the course of their duty.
18. enact agendas
verb
- to pass a law通过法律
e.g. legislation enacted by parliament
- to perform a play or act a part in a play 扮演，演出
e.g. scenes from history enacted by local residents
- to take place 发生，举行
- to put something into practice 实施
e.g.This involves identifying problems and enacting solutions.
19. repudiation
noun
- refusal to accept something 拒绝，否定
e.g. the world-wide repudiation of slavery in the nineteenth century
- the act of saying officially and/or publicly that something is not true 官方驳斥，驳回
e.g. the repudiation of a claim
rejection,denial
20. clinch the presidency
verb
- to succeed in achieving or winning something 成功取得，赢得
e.g. They clinched a place in the semi-finals.
- to provide the answer to something; to settle something that was not certain 提出解决办法
e.g. ‘I'll pay your airfare.’ ‘Okay,that clinches it—I'll come with you.’
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