在日常开发中我们经常从一个Activity跳转到另一个Activity，调用的代码无非有以下两种
startActivity(intent);
startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);
其实startActivity()最终也会调用startActivityForResult()来实现界面的跳转，下面我们就从startActivityForResult()来梳理Activity的启动流程;
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
this.startActivity(intent, null);
}
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode) {
startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode, null);
}
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
mStartedActivity = true;
}
cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
关键方法mInstrumentation.execStartActivity（），返回回调结果。Instrumentation拿来测试过的同学并不陌生，这里且当它是个黑科技工具。
pic
进入execStartActivity方法。
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
...
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
...
}
这里解释下前4个参数：
- who：正在启动该Activity的上下文
- contextThread：正在启动该Activity的上下文线程，这里为ApplicationThread
- token：正在启动该Activity的标识
- target：正在启动该Activity的Activity，也就是回调结果的Activity
image
我们先来看看下面的checkStartActivityResult方法。
public static void checkStartActivityResult(int res, Object intent) {
if (res >= ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS) {
return;
}
switch (res) {
case ActivityManager.START_INTENT_NOT_RESOLVED:
case ActivityManager.START_CLASS_NOT_FOUND:
if (intent instanceof Intent && ((Intent)intent).getComponent() != null)
throw new ActivityNotFoundException(
"Unable to find explicit activity class "
+ ((Intent)intent).getComponent().toShortString()
+ "; have you declared this activity in your AndroidManifest.xml?");
throw new ActivityNotFoundException(
"No Activity found to handle " + intent);
case ActivityManager.START_PERMISSION_DENIED:
throw new SecurityException("Not allowed to start activity "
+ intent);
case ActivityManager.START_FORWARD_AND_REQUEST_CONFLICT:
throw new AndroidRuntimeException(
"FORWARD_RESULT_FLAG used while also requesting a result");
case ActivityManager.START_NOT_ACTIVITY:
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"PendingIntent is not an activity");
case ActivityManager.START_NOT_VOICE_COMPATIBLE:
throw new SecurityException(
"Starting under voice control not allowed for: " + intent);
case ActivityManager.START_VOICE_NOT_ACTIVE_SESSION:
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Session calling startVoiceActivity does not match active session");
case ActivityManager.START_VOICE_HIDDEN_SESSION:
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot start voice activity on a hidden session");
case ActivityManager.START_CANCELED:
throw new AndroidRuntimeException("Activity could not be started for "
+ intent);
default:
throw new AndroidRuntimeException("Unknown error code "
+ res + " when starting " + intent);
}
}
这些异常就是根据返回码和intent抛出相应异常，最熟悉的就是activity没有在AndroidManifest里面注册了。
在这个方法中，我们还发现了熟悉的字眼startActivity，但调用者却很陌生ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
static public IActivityManager getDefault() {
return gDefault.get();
}
private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> gDefault = new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
protected IActivityManager create() {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");
...
IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);
...
return am;
}
};
static public IActivityManager asInterface(IBinder obj) {
...
return new ActivityManagerProxy(obj);
}
这样看下来好像是ServiceManager构建了一个key为activity的对象，该对象作为ActivityManagerProxy的参数实例化创建单例并get返回。这里先不作解析，继续连接上面的流程ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startActivity(…)。我们已经知道startActivity方法其实是ActivityManagerProxy调的，我们再来看看。
public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent,
String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
...
mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
...
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return result;
}
image
我们通过代理类ActivityManagerProxy调用了startActivity方法，让我们来搜寻一下AMS的startActivity方法。
@Override
public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions) {
return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,resulUserHandle.getCallingUserId());
}
@Override
public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivity");
userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(),userId, false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "startActivity", null);
return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null);
}
其中enforceNotIsolatedCaller方法是检查是否属于被隔离的对象。mUserController.handleIncomingUser检查操作权限然后返回一个用户id（涉及到Linux，有兴趣的同学可以翻阅翻阅，这不是我们的重点），startActivityAsUser方法大概就是检测下权限，然后返回由mActivityStarter(ActivityStarter，可以这么说，关于Activity启动的所有信息都在这了，然后根据信息把Activity具体分配到哪个任务栈)调用的startActivityMayWait方法。
image
继续跟踪ActivityStarter的startActivityMayWait的方法。
final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, IActivityManager.WaitResult outResult, Configuration config,
Bundle bOptions, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, int userId,
IActivityContainer iContainer, TaskRecord inTask) {
...
ResolveInfo rInfo = mSupervisor.resolveIntent(intent, resolvedType, userId);
...
ActivityInfo aInfo = mSupervisor.resolveActivity(intent, rInfo, startFlags, profilerInfo);
...
final ProcessRecord heavy = mService.mHeavyWeightProcess;
if (heavy != null && (heavy.info.uid != aInfo.applicationInfo.uid
|| !heavy.processName.equals(aInfo.processName))) {
...
}
...
int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType,
aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid,
callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags,
options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, outRecord, container,
inTask);
...
}
final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, Intent ephemeralIntent,
String resolvedType, ActivityInfo aInfo, ResolveInfo rInfo,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int callingPid, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, int realCallingPid, int realCallingUid, int startFlags,
ActivityOptions options, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, boolean componentSpecified,
ActivityRecord[] outActivity, ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container,
TaskRecord inTask) {
...
ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
...
ActivityRecord sourceRecord = null;
ActivityRecord resultRecord = null;
...
ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, callerApp, callingUid, callingPackage,
intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration, resultRecord, resultWho,
requestCode, componentSpecified, voiceSession != null, mSupervisor, container,
options, sourceRecord);
...
err = startActivityUnchecked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, startFlags,
true, options, inTask);
...
return err;
}
继续跟进核心方法 startActivityUnchecked()
private int startActivityUnchecked(final ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int startFlags, boolean doResume, ActivityOptions options, TaskRecord inTask) {
setInitialState(r, options, inTask, doResume, startFlags, sourceRecord, voiceSession,
voiceInteractor);
computeLaunchingTaskFlags();
...
mIntent.setFlags(mLaunchFlags);
mReusedActivity = getReusableIntentActivity();
...
boolean newTask = false;
...
if (mStartActivity.resultTo == null && mInTask == null && !mAddingToTask
&& (mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
newTask = true;
...
}
...
mTargetStack.startActivityLocked(mStartActivity, newTask, mKeepCurTransition, mOptions);
...
mSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(mTargetStack, mStartActivity,
mOptions);
...
}
先看setInitialState
private void setInitialState(ActivityRecord r, ActivityOptions options, TaskRecord inTask,
boolean doResume, int startFlags, ActivityRecord sourceRecord,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor) {
reset();
mStartActivity = r;
mIntent = r.intent;
mOptions = options;
mCallingUid = r.launchedFromUid;
mSourceRecord = sourceRecord;
mVoiceSession = voiceSession;
...
mLaunchSingleTop = r.launchMode == LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP;
mLaunchSingleInstance = r.launchMode == LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE;
mLaunchSingleTask = r.launchMode == LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK;
mLaunchFlags = adjustLaunchFlagsToDocumentMode(
r, mLaunchSingleInstance, mLaunchSingleTask, mIntent.getFlags());
...
}
这里初始化了比较重要的mStartActivity，mIntent，mCallingUid，mSourceRecord，mLaunchFlags。mLaunchFlags用来记录我们Activity的启动方式，省略部分都是根据启动方式来初始化一堆变量或进行操作。
final void startActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean newTask, boolean keepCurTransition,
ActivityOptions options) {
...
mWindowManager.setAppVisibility(r.appToken, true);
...
}
mWindowManager.setAppVisibility(r.appToken, true);这句话表示这个Activity已经具备了显示的条件。接下来我们长话短说，大体来看已经差不多了，通知后，我们会调用ActivityStackSupervisor的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked方法，接着调ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法，再调自己的resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法，如果Activity已存在需要可见状态，那么会调IApplicationThread的scheduleResumeActivity方法，且经过一系列判断可见Activity；反之调ActivityStackSupervisor的startSpecificActivityLocked的方法，那么继续会调realStartActivityLocked的方法
image
终于调ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity方法啦！
@Override
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
updateProcessState(procState, false);
ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
r.token = token;
r.ident = ident;
r.intent = intent;
r.referrer = referrer;
r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
r.activityInfo = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
r.state = state;
r.persistentState = persistentState;
r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
r.isForward = isForward;
r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;
r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}
看最后，handler发送message，那么这个handler是什么呢？
private class H extends Handler {
...
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
...
}
}
private class H extends Handler {
...
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
...
}
}
我们直接看我们发的消息，它调用了ActivityThread的handleLaunchActivity方法。
WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();//初始化WMS
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);//创建并启动
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;//取出组件信息，并一顿操作
...
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
//开始创建Activity实例，通过类加载器创建，看参数就知道了
...
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
//获取Application
...
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window);
//与window建立关联
...
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
//callActivityOnCreate->activity.performCreate->onCreate，之后就很熟悉了
...
}
}
public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
Instrumentation instrumentation) {
if (mApplication != null) {
return mApplication;
}
//如果mApplication不为空则直接返回，这也是为什么Application为单例
...
Application app = null;
...
ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
cl, appClass, appContext);
//创建Application，跟Activity一样，都是用类加载器创建
...
mApplication = app;//保存下来
...
instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
//callApplicationOnCreate->onCreate
...
}
image
总结：
image
至此，activity就启动了，至于activity启动之后，又经历了哪些过程，可以看我的另一篇文章 Android 中的setContentView源码解析
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