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SpringBoot--Web篇<三>

SpringBoot--Web篇<三>

作者: i_cyy | 来源:发表于2018-08-20 17:45 被阅读105次

    SpringBoot--Web篇<一>
    SpringBoot--Web篇<二>


    7. 错误处理机制

    7.1 SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

    默认效果:

    1)浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面

    404

    此时可以查看浏览器发送请求的请求头:

    image

    如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据

    {
        "timestamp": 1534750087344,
        "status": 404,
        "error": "Not Found",
        "message": "No message available",
        "path": "/aaa"
    }
    

    原理:

    ​ 可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration : 错误处理的自动配置类;

    ​ 说明:基于SpringBoot 1.5.x 源码;

    ​ 给容器中添加了以下组件:

    ​ 1、DefaultErrorAttributes:帮我们在页面共享信息;

    //ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
        public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
            return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
        }
    
    // DefaultErrorAttributes.java
        @Override
        public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
                boolean includeStackTrace) {
            Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
            errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
            addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
            addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
            addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
            return errorAttributes;
        }
    

    ​ 2、BasicErrorController: 处理默认的 /error请求

    //ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
        public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
            return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
                    this.errorViewResolvers);
        }
    
    //BasicErrorController.java 
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
    public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
      
        //产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
        @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
        public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
                HttpServletResponse response) {
            HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
            Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                    request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
            response.setStatus(status.value());
            //去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
            ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
            return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
        }
    
        ////产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
        @RequestMapping
        @ResponseBody
        public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
            Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                    isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
            HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
            return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
        }
    

    ​ 3、ErrorPageCustomizer

    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
        private String path = "/error";  //系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
    

    ​ 4.、DefaultErrorViewResolver

    //ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java        
            @Bean
            @ConditionalOnBean(DispatcherServlet.class)
            @ConditionalOnMissingBean
            public DefaultErrorViewResolver conventionErrorViewResolver() {
                return new DefaultErrorViewResolver(this.applicationContext,
                        this.resourceProperties);
            }
    
    
    //DefaultErrorViewResolver.java
        @Override
        public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
                Map<String, Object> model) {
            ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
            if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
                modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
            }
            return modelAndView;
        }
    
        private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
            String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
            TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                    .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
            if (provider != null) {
                return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
            }
            return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
        }   
    

    ​ 步骤:

    ​ 一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;

    ​ 响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;

    protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
          HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
        //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
       for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
          ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
          if (modelAndView != null) {
             return modelAndView;
          }
       }
       return null;
    }
    

    7.2 如何定制错误响应

    7.2.1 如何定制错误的页面

    ​ 1) 有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;

    ​ 我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);

    页面能获取的信息:

                    timestamp:时间戳
    
                    status:状态码
    
                    error:错误提示
    
                    exception:异常对象
    
                    message:异常消息
    
                    errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
    
    

    ​ 2) 没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;

    ​ 3)以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;

    7.2.2 如何定制错误的json数据

    ​ 1)自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;

    //MyExceptionHandler.java
    @ControllerAdvice
    public class MyExceptionHandler {
    
        @ResponseBody
        @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
        public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
            Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("code","user.notexist");
            map.put("message",e.getMessage());
            return map;
        }
    }
    

    ​ 2)转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

        @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
        public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
             //传入我们自己的错误状态码  4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
            /**
             * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
             .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
             */
            request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
            Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("code","user.notexist");
            map.put("message",e.getMessage());
            //转发到/error
            return "forward:/error";
        }
    

    ​ 3)将我们的定制数据携带出去;

    ​ 出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);

    ​ 1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;

    ​ 2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;

    ​ 容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;

    自定义ErrorAttributes

    package com.example.springboot_restcrud.component;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DefaultErrorAttributes;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
    
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * 向容器中注入我们自定义的 ErrorAttributes
     * @Author cyy
     * @Date 2018/8/20 17:10
     * @Version 1.0
     * @Blog http://pccwcyy.club/wordpress/
     **/
    @Component
    public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
        @Override
        public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
            Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
            map.put("company","pccw");
    
            //我们的异常处理器携带的数据
    //        Map<String, Object> ext = (Map<String, Object>) requestAttributes.getAttribute("ext",0);
    //        map.put("ext",ext);
            return map;
        }
    }
    

    最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容

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