电影是什么?知名老导演、电影大师马丁·斯科塞斯在上月接受采访时表示,“漫威影片不是电影”,这番言论瞬时激起了舆论场的千层浪,好莱坞业界纷纷站队。本周,马丁在《纽约时报》上亲自撰文回应,解释了他为何对漫威持这样的批判态度。今天,就让我们一起走近马丁,看看到底什么是他眼中的电影。
Martin Scorsese: I Said Marvel Movies Aren’t Cinema. Let Me Explain.
马丁·斯科塞斯:漫威影片不是“电影”,容我解释
By Martin Scorsese
① For me, cinema was about revelation — aesthetic, emotional and spiritual revelation. It was about characters — the complexity of people and their contradictory and sometimes paradoxical natures, the way they can hurt one another and love one another and suddenly come face to face with themselves.
② It was about confronting the unexpected on the screen and in the life it dramatized and interpreted, and enlarging the sense of what was possible in the art form.
③ And that was the key for us: it was an art form.
于我而言,电影曾是带来启示的——美学、情感和精神上的启示。它是关于角色的——人的复杂性和他们矛盾的、有时是悖谬的本质,他们会如何彼此伤害、彼此相爱,转而又突然直面自我。
它关乎在银幕上、在那个被它戏剧化诠释出来的生活里直面意料之外的事,关乎以艺术的形式扩大对可能性的感知。
而这对我们来说恰是关键之处:电影是一种艺术形式。
④ Many of the elements that define cinema as I know it are there in Marvel pictures. What’s not there is revelation, mystery or genuine emotional danger. Nothing is at risk. The pictures are made to satisfy a specific set of demands, and they are designed as variations on a finite number of themes.
在我的认知里用来定义电影的很多元素,漫威系列都有。但它没有启示,没有神秘感,也不会真的让人在情绪上感到危机。一切都尽在掌控。这些影片是为满足一套特定需求而制作的,它们是数量有限的主题下衍生出的变体。
⑤ They are sequels in name but they are remakes in spirit, and everything in them is officially sanctioned because it can’t really be any other way. That’s the nature of modern film franchises: market-researched, audience-tested, vetted, modified, revetted and remodified until they’re ready for consumption.
它们在名义上是续集,但本质上却是翻拍,其中每个环节都经官方认可,因为本来也不太可能变成其他形式。这就是现代系列大片的本质:经过市场调查、受过观众测试、审查过、修改过,然后再审查、再加工,直至可供消费。
⑥ When the Hollywood studio system was still alive and well, the tension between the artists and the people who ran the business was constant and intense, but it was a productive tension that gave us some of the greatest films ever made.
好莱坞片厂制度还健在时,艺术家与商业经营者之间存在频繁而激烈的张力,但正是这种充满创造性的张力为我们带来了有史以来最伟大的一些电影。
⑦ Today, that tension is gone. The situation, sadly, is that we now have two separate fields: There’s worldwide audiovisual entertainment, and there’s cinema. They still overlap from time to time, but that’s becoming increasingly rare. And I fear that the financial dominance of one is being used to marginalize and even belittle the existence of the other.
如今,这种张力已然消失。现状的可悲之处,在于我们有两个互相独立的领域:一个是全球性视听娱乐产品,另一个是电影艺术。二者仍会不时重叠,但这种情况越来越少见。而我所担心的是,其中一方在经济上的主导地位,正在被用来边缘化甚至贬低另一方的存在。
⑧ For anyone who dreams of making movies or who is just starting out, the situation at this moment is brutal and inhospitable to art. And the act of simply writing those words fills me with terrible sadness.
对于任何梦想拍电影或刚刚起步在做电影的人来说,当下的状况是残酷、不利于艺术的。仅仅是写下这些话,已令我心中充满哀伤。
▍内容拓展
初极狭,才通人,复行数十步,豁然开朗。——《桃花源记》
(c) 2019 The New York Times Company
1.cinema UK /ˈsɪnəmə/ US /ˈsɪnəmə/ n. 电影;电影院;电影创作(the process of film-making) Let’s go to the cinema!(英式)
= Let’s go to the movies!(美式)
我们去看电影吧!
2.revelation UK /ˌrevəˈleɪʃən/ US /ˌrevəˈleɪʃən/ n. 揭示(the act of making something known that was secret);启示 reveal vt. 揭露,揭示
revelation 《启示录》
3.character UK /ˈkærəktə/ US /ˈkerəktər/ n. (文学、影视作品中虚构的)人物;独特的人格(traits and habits that make a person unique) character 和 personality 辨析:
Character reveals what you are inside, who we actually are, while personality shows what you are outside or who you seem to be.
4.paradoxical UK /ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkəl/ US /ˌperəˈdɑːksɪkəl/ adj. 自相矛盾的 paradox n. 悖论
5.nature UK /ˈneɪtʃər/ US /ˈneɪtʃər/ n. 天性 注意:
nature 指人天生的,不可改变的性格。
6.confront UK /kənˈfrʌnt/ US /kənˈfrʌnt/ vt. 面对(指不可避免地,面对面地遭遇)
7.the unexpected 意外;未知的事情 We tend to avoid and escape the unexpected.
面对意料之外的事情,我们倾向于规避以及逃避。
8.dramatize UK /ˈdræmətaɪz/ US /ˈdræmətaɪz/ vt. 使夸张;使戏剧化 dramatic adj. 夸张的,戏剧性的
9.interpret UK /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ US / ɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/ vt. 解读(to describe the meaning of something)
10.enlarge UK /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ US /ɪnˈlɑːrdʒ/ vt. 扩大
11.sense UK /sens/ US /sens/ n. 对…的认识、认知 近义表达:
awareness/understanding
12.genuine UK /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ US /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真正的,真诚的 近义表达:true/real
13.satisfy a specific set of demands 满足一套特定的需求 satisfy demands 满足需求
14.variation UK /ˌveəriˈeɪʃən/ US /ˌveriˈeɪʃən/ n. 变体,变种
15.finite UK /ˈfaɪnaɪt/ US /ˈfaɪnaɪt/ adj. 有限的,限定的
16.sequel UK /ˈsiːkwəl/ US /ˈsiːkwəl/ n. 续集
17.in name 名义上 in spirit 实质上
He is a friend of mine in name, and enemy in spirit.
他和我只是表面朋友,实质上是敌人。
18.remake UK /ˈriːˌmeɪk/ US /ˈriːˌmeɪk/ n. 翻拍作品
19.sanction UK /ˈsæŋkʃən/ US /ˈsæŋkʃən/ vt. 认可,批准(approve)
20.franchise UK /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ US /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ n. 系列电影(a series of films that have the same or similar titles)
21.vet UK /vet/ US /vet/ vt. 审查,仔细检查(examine carefully)
22.modify UK /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ US /ˈmɑːdəfaɪ/ vt. 修改,修正(change something slightly and improve it)
23.Hollywood studio system 好莱坞片厂制度
24.tension UK /ˈtenʃən/ US /ˈtenʃən/ n. 张力;紧张关系
25.intense UK /ɪnˈtens/ US /ɪnˈtens/ adj. 激烈的,紧张的
26.productive UK /prəˈdʌktɪv/ US /prəˈdʌktɪv/ adj. 可以激发生产力的
27.audiovisual entertainment 视听娱乐产品
28.marginalize UK /ˈmɑːdʒɪnəlaɪz/ US /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪz/ vt. 使边缘化 margin n. 边缘
29.belittle UK /bɪˈlɪtəl/ US /bɪˈlɪtəl/ vt. 轻视,贬低
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