学习spring如何创建定时任务.
实现效果:
构建一个应用程序,使用Spring
的@Scheduled
注解每五秒打印一次当前时间。
项目结构
└── src
└── main
└── java
└── hello
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>gs-scheduling-tasks</artifactId>
<version>0.1.0</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
1.创建一个定时任务
- 创建一个定时任务类
src/main/java/hello/ScheduledTasks.java
/*
* Copyright 2012-2015 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package hello;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class ScheduledTasks {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ScheduledTasks.class);
private static final SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
@Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
public void reportCurrentTime() {
log.info("The time is now {}", dateFormat.format(new Date()));
}
}
@Scheduled
注解定义了reportCurrentTime()
方法何时运行.备注:本例用的是fixedRate
选项,它指定了方法调用的时间间隔包括程序执行时间在内,单线程有可能遇到阻塞.
还有其他选项,例如fixedDelay
,它指定时间间隔不包括程序执行时间。 还可以使用@Scheduled(cron =“...”)
表达式进行更复杂的任务调度
2.运行
虽然计划任务可以嵌入到Web应用程序和WAR文件中,但下面演示的更简单的方法创建了一个独立的应用程序。 将所有内容打包在一个可执行的JAR文件中,由一个普通的 main()方法驱动
src/main/java/hello/Application.java
package hello;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class);
}
}
@EnableScheduling
注解保证能够创建后台可执行定时任务程序。 没有它,不能创建定时任务。
建立一个可执行的 JAR
利用maven
打包war或者jar运行,这里不做介绍.
java -jar target/gs-rest-service-0.1.0.jar
测试
运行程序后,显示日志输出,可以从控制台的日志中看到 每5秒钟执行一次方法,输出类似下面的代码:
[...]
2016-08-25 13:10:00.143 INFO 31565 --- [pool-1-thread-1] hello.ScheduledTasks : The time is now 13:10:00
2016-08-25 13:10:05.143 INFO 31565 --- [pool-1-thread-1] hello.ScheduledTasks : The time is now 13:10:05
2016-08-25 13:10:10.143 INFO 31565 --- [pool-1-thread-1] hello.ScheduledTasks : The time is now 13:10:10
2016-08-25 13:10:15.143 INFO 31565 --- [pool-1-thread-1] hello.ScheduledTasks : The time is now 13:10:15
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