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Python基础学习【6】-用户输入和while循环

Python基础学习【6】-用户输入和while循环

作者: 爱吃西瓜的番茄酱 | 来源:发表于2017-10-23 20:51 被阅读113次

    一:函数input()的工作原理:

    函数input()让程序暂停运行,等待用户输入一些文本。

    获取用户输入后,Python将其存储在一个变量中,以方便使用。

    1:编写清晰的程序:

    # 函数input()让程序暂停运行, 等待用户输入一些文本, 并在用户按回车键后继续运行

    message =input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")

    print(message)

    # 通过在提示末尾(这里是冒号后面)包含一个空格, 可将提示和用户输入分开

    name =input("Please enter your name: ")

    print("Hello, "+ name +" !")

    # 提示可能超过一行, 在这种情况下,可将提示存储在一个变量中

    prompt ="If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the message you see "

    prompt +="\nWhat is you first name? "

    name =input(prompt)

    print("\nHello, "+ name +" .")

    输出:

    2:使用int()来获得数值输入

    使用函数input()时,Python将用户输入解读为字符串

    函数int()可将数字的字符串表示转换为数值表示

    # 使用int()来获取数值输入

    age =input("How old are you? ")

    age =int(age)

    print(age >=18)

    输出:

    3:求模运算符:

    求模运算符(%)是一个很好用的工具,它将两个数相处并返回余数。

    # 求模运算符(%), 它将两个数相除并返回余数

    print(4%3)

    print(5%3)

    print(6%3)

    print(7%3)

    输出:

    4:在Python2.7中获取输入:

    如果你使用的是Python2.7,请使用raw_input(),而不是input()来获取输入

    二:while循环简介:

    for循环用于针对集合中的每个元素的一个代码块,

    而while循环不断地运行,直到指定的条件不满足为止。

    1:使用while循环:

    # 使用while循环

    current_number =1

    whilecurrent_number <=5:

    print(current_number)

    current_number +=1

    输出:

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    2:让用户选择何时退出:

    # 让用户选择何时退出

    prompt ="\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "

    prompt +="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."

    message =" "

    whilemessage !="quit":

    message =input(prompt)

    ifmessage !="quit":

    print(message)

    输出:

    Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:

    Enter 'quit' to end the program.Hello everyone

    Hello everyone

    Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:

    Enter 'quit' to end the program.quit

    3:使用标志:在其中的任何一个事件导致活动标志变成False时,

    主游戏循环将退出。

    # 使用标志

    prompt ="\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "

    prompt +="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."

    active =True

    whileactive:

    message =input(prompt)

    ifmessage =="quit":

    active =False

    else:

    print(message)

    4:使用break退出循环:在任何Python循环中都可以使用break语句。

    # 使用break来退出循环

    prompt ="\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited"

    prompt +="\n(Enter 'quit' to end the program.)"

    while True:

    city =input(prompt)

    ifcity =="quit":

    break

    else:

    print("I'd love to go to "+ city.title() +" .")

    输出:

    Please enter the name of a city you have visited

    (Enter 'quit' to end the program.)chongqing

    I'd love to go to Chongqing .

    Please enter the name of a city you have visited

    (Enter 'quit' to end the program.)quit

    5:在循环中使用continue:跳过当前循环,执行下一循环。

    # 在循环中使用continue

    current_number =0

    whilecurrent_number <10:

    current_number +=1

    ifcurrent_number %2==0:

    continue

    print(current_number)

    输出:

    1

    3

    5

    7

    9

    6:避免无限循环:如果程序陷入无限循环,可按Ctri+C,

    也可关闭显示程序输出的终端窗口。

    三:使用while循环来处理列表和字典:

    要在遍历列表的同时对其进行修改,可使用while循环。

    通过将while循环同列表和字典结合起来使用,可收集、

    存储并组织大量输入,供以后查看和显示。

    1:在列表之间移动元素:

    # 在列表之间移动元素

    unconfirmed_users = ["alice","brian","candace"]

    confirmed_users = []

    # 验证每个用户,直到没有未验证用户为止

    # 将每个经过验证的列表都移动到已验证用户列表中

    whileunconfirmed_users:

    current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()

    print("Verifying user:"+ current_user.title())

    confirmed_users.append(current_user)

    print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")

    forconfirmed_userinconfirmed_users:

    print(confirmed_user.title())

    输出:

    Verifying user:Candace

    Verifying user:Brian

    Verifying user:Alice

    The following users have been confirmed:

    Candace

    Brian

    Alice

    2:删除包含特定值的所有列表元素:

    # 删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

    pets = ["dog","cat","dog","goldfish","cat","rabbit","cat"]

    print(pets)

    while"cat"inpets:

    pets.remove("cat")

    print(pets)

    输出:

    ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']

    ['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit']

    3:使用用户输入来填充字典:

    # 使用用户输入来填充字典

    responses = {}

    # 设置一个标志,指出调查是否继续

    polling_active =True

    whilepolling_active:

    # 提示输入被调查者的名字和回答

    name =input("\nWhat's your name? ")

    response =input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ")

    # 将答案存储在字典中

    responses[name] = response

    # 看看是否还有人要参加调查

    repeat =input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ")

    ifrepeat =="no":

    polling_active =False

    # 调查结束,显示结果

    print("\n----Poll Results---")

    forname, responseinresponses.items():

    print(name +" would like to climb "+ response +" .")

    输出:

    What's your name? you

    Which mountain would you like to climb someday? Denali

    Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) no

    ----Poll Results---

    you would like to climb Denali .

    每天学习一点点,每天进步一点点。

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