一:函数input()的工作原理:
函数input()让程序暂停运行,等待用户输入一些文本。
获取用户输入后,Python将其存储在一个变量中,以方便使用。
1:编写清晰的程序:
# 函数input()让程序暂停运行, 等待用户输入一些文本, 并在用户按回车键后继续运行
message =input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)
# 通过在提示末尾(这里是冒号后面)包含一个空格, 可将提示和用户输入分开
name =input("Please enter your name: ")
print("Hello, "+ name +" !")
# 提示可能超过一行, 在这种情况下,可将提示存储在一个变量中
prompt ="If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the message you see "
prompt +="\nWhat is you first name? "
name =input(prompt)
print("\nHello, "+ name +" .")
输出:
2:使用int()来获得数值输入
使用函数input()时,Python将用户输入解读为字符串
函数int()可将数字的字符串表示转换为数值表示
# 使用int()来获取数值输入
age =input("How old are you? ")
age =int(age)
print(age >=18)
输出:
3:求模运算符:
求模运算符(%)是一个很好用的工具,它将两个数相处并返回余数。
# 求模运算符(%), 它将两个数相除并返回余数
print(4%3)
print(5%3)
print(6%3)
print(7%3)
输出:
4:在Python2.7中获取输入:
如果你使用的是Python2.7,请使用raw_input(),而不是input()来获取输入
二:while循环简介:
for循环用于针对集合中的每个元素的一个代码块,
而while循环不断地运行,直到指定的条件不满足为止。
1:使用while循环:
# 使用while循环
current_number =1
whilecurrent_number <=5:
print(current_number)
current_number +=1
输出:
1
2
3
4
5
2:让用户选择何时退出:
# 让用户选择何时退出
prompt ="\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "
prompt +="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
message =" "
whilemessage !="quit":
message =input(prompt)
ifmessage !="quit":
print(message)
输出:
Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program.Hello everyone
Hello everyone
Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program.quit
3:使用标志:在其中的任何一个事件导致活动标志变成False时,
主游戏循环将退出。
# 使用标志
prompt ="\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "
prompt +="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
active =True
whileactive:
message =input(prompt)
ifmessage =="quit":
active =False
else:
print(message)
4:使用break退出循环:在任何Python循环中都可以使用break语句。
# 使用break来退出循环
prompt ="\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited"
prompt +="\n(Enter 'quit' to end the program.)"
while True:
city =input(prompt)
ifcity =="quit":
break
else:
print("I'd love to go to "+ city.title() +" .")
输出:
Please enter the name of a city you have visited
(Enter 'quit' to end the program.)chongqing
I'd love to go to Chongqing .
Please enter the name of a city you have visited
(Enter 'quit' to end the program.)quit
5:在循环中使用continue:跳过当前循环,执行下一循环。
# 在循环中使用continue
current_number =0
whilecurrent_number <10:
current_number +=1
ifcurrent_number %2==0:
continue
print(current_number)
输出:
1
3
5
7
9
6:避免无限循环:如果程序陷入无限循环,可按Ctri+C,
也可关闭显示程序输出的终端窗口。
三:使用while循环来处理列表和字典:
要在遍历列表的同时对其进行修改,可使用while循环。
通过将while循环同列表和字典结合起来使用,可收集、
存储并组织大量输入,供以后查看和显示。
1:在列表之间移动元素:
# 在列表之间移动元素
unconfirmed_users = ["alice","brian","candace"]
confirmed_users = []
# 验证每个用户,直到没有未验证用户为止
# 将每个经过验证的列表都移动到已验证用户列表中
whileunconfirmed_users:
current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
print("Verifying user:"+ current_user.title())
confirmed_users.append(current_user)
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
forconfirmed_userinconfirmed_users:
print(confirmed_user.title())
输出:
Verifying user:Candace
Verifying user:Brian
Verifying user:Alice
The following users have been confirmed:
Candace
Brian
Alice
2:删除包含特定值的所有列表元素:
# 删除包含特定值的所有列表元素
pets = ["dog","cat","dog","goldfish","cat","rabbit","cat"]
print(pets)
while"cat"inpets:
pets.remove("cat")
print(pets)
输出:
['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit']
3:使用用户输入来填充字典:
# 使用用户输入来填充字典
responses = {}
# 设置一个标志,指出调查是否继续
polling_active =True
whilepolling_active:
# 提示输入被调查者的名字和回答
name =input("\nWhat's your name? ")
response =input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ")
# 将答案存储在字典中
responses[name] = response
# 看看是否还有人要参加调查
repeat =input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ")
ifrepeat =="no":
polling_active =False
# 调查结束,显示结果
print("\n----Poll Results---")
forname, responseinresponses.items():
print(name +" would like to climb "+ response +" .")
输出:
What's your name? you
Which mountain would you like to climb someday? Denali
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) no
----Poll Results---
you would like to climb Denali .
每天学习一点点,每天进步一点点。
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