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Docker Swarm的高可用性

Docker Swarm的高可用性

作者: zerolinke | 来源:发表于2016-07-12 14:43 被阅读1374次

    Docker Swarm -> High availability in Docker Swarm

    Docker Swarm的高可用性

    在Docker Swarm中,Swarm manager负责管理整个集群,包括成规模的众多Docker主机资源。如果这个Swarm manager挂了,你必须创建一个新的来解决中断的服务。

    Docker Swarm具有High Availability的特性,当有一个manager实例出现问题,Docker Swarm可以优雅的进行故障转移-failover。你可以创建一个单独的primary manager实例和多个replica实例来使用这个特性。

    一个primary manager是Docker Swarm集群的主要联系人。你也可以创建replica实例作为,并与它进行通信。对于replica收到的请求会被自动的代理到primary manager。如果一个primary manager故障,一个replica会成为lead。通过这种机制,你可以始终保持于集群的联系。

    建立 primary和replicas

    这一小节阐述一下如何建立多个manager的Docker Swarm。

    前提

    你的集群中至少要有ConsuletcdZookeeper中的一个。这里的程序是机遇一个运行于192.168.42.10:8500Consul服务。所有的主机都拥有一个监听2375端口的Docker Engine。将所有manager的操作端口都放置在4000上。这个例子的Swarm主机配置:

    • mananer-1 on 192.168.42.200
    • manager-2 on 192.168.42.201
    • manager-3 on 192.168.42.202

    创建primary manager

    你可以使用swarm manager命令通过--replication--advertise标签创建一个primary manager

     user@manager-1 $ swarm manage -H :4000 <tls-config-flags> --replication --advertise 192.168.42.200:4000 consul://192.168.42.10:8500/nodes
      INFO[0000] Listening for HTTP addr=:4000 proto=tcp
      INFO[0000] Cluster leadership acquired
      INFO[0000] New leader elected: 192.168.42.200:4000
      [...]
    

    这个--replication标识高速Swarm这个manager是多manager配置的一部分,并且这个primary manager会加入与其它manager实例的主权竞争。这个primary manager有权管理集群以及集群中的副本日志和副本事件。

    这个--advertise选项指定这个manager的地址。当这个节点被推选为primary后Swarm会使用这个地址通知集群。你会在命令行的输出中看到被推选为primary manager的是你提供的地址。

    创建两个replicas

    现在你有了一个primary manager,你可以创建一个replicas。

    user@manager-2 $ swarm manage -H :4000 <tls-config-flags> --replication --advertise 192.168.42.201:4000 consul://192.168.42.10:8500/nodes
    INFO[0000] Listening for HTTP                            addr=:4000 proto=tcp
    INFO[0000] Cluster leadership lost
    INFO[0000] New leader elected: 192.168.42.200:4000
    [...]
    

    这条命令创建了一个replicas manager在192.168.42.201:4000上,而primary manager在192.168.42.200:4000

    创建一个额外的,第三个manager实例:

    user@manager-3 $ swarm manage -H :4000 <tls-config-flags> --replication --advertise 192.168.42.202:4000 consul://192.168.42.10:8500/nodes
    INFO[0000] Listening for HTTP                            addr=:4000 proto=tcp
    INFO[0000] Cluster leadership lost
    INFO[0000] New leader elected: 192.168.42.200:4000
    [...]
    

    一旦你发布了你的primary manager和replicas,可能接下来你就只会创建Swarm agent了。

    列出集群中的机器

    敲击dockre info应该会输出和下面相同的内容:

    user@my-machine $ export DOCKER_HOST=192.168.42.200:4000 # Points to manager-1
    user@my-machine $ docker info
    Containers: 0
    Images: 25
    Storage Driver:
    Role: Primary  <--------- manager-1 is the Primary manager
    Primary: 192.168.42.200
    Strategy: spread
    Filters: affinity, health, constraint, port, dependency
    Nodes: 3
     swarm-agent-0: 192.168.42.100:2375
      └ Containers: 0
      └ Reserved CPUs: 0 / 1
      └ Reserved Memory: 0 B / 2.053 GiB
      └ Labels: executiondriver=native-0.2, kernelversion=3.13.0-49-generic, operatingsystem=Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS, storagedriver=aufs
     swarm-agent-1: 192.168.42.101:2375
      └ Containers: 0
      └ Reserved CPUs: 0 / 1
      └ Reserved Memory: 0 B / 2.053 GiB
      └ Labels: executiondriver=native-0.2, kernelversion=3.13.0-49-generic, operatingsystem=Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS, storagedriver=aufs
     swarm-agent-2: 192.168.42.102:2375
      └ Containers: 0
      └ Reserved CPUs: 0 / 1
      └ Reserved Memory: 0 B / 2.053 GiB
      └ Labels: executiondriver=native-0.2, kernelversion=3.13.0-49-generic, operatingsystem=Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS, storagedriver=aufs
    Execution Driver:
    Kernel Version:
    Operating System:
    CPUs: 3
    Total Memory: 6.158 GiB
    Name:
    ID:
    Http Proxy:
    Https Proxy:
    No Proxy:
    

    这个信息表明manager-1是当前的primary。

    测试故障转移机制

    要测试故障转移机制,可以关闭指定的primary manager,发出Ctrl-C或是kill的命令对于当前primary manager(manager-1)去关闭它。

    等待自动的故障转移

    经过短暂的时间,其它的实例检测到这个故障然后推选lead称为primary manager。

    查看manager-2的日志:

    user@manager-2 $ swarm manage -H :4000 <tls-config-flags> --replication --advertise 192.168.42.201:4000 consul://192.168.42.10:8500/nodes
    INFO[0000] Listening for HTTP                            addr=:4000 proto=tcp
    INFO[0000] Cluster leadership lost
    INFO[0000] New leader elected: 192.168.42.200:4000
    INFO[0038] New leader elected: 192.168.42.201:4000
    INFO[0038] Cluster leadership acquired               <--- We have been elected as the new Primary Manager
    [...]
    

    Because the primary manager, manager-1, failed right after it was elected, the replica with the address 192.168.42.201:4000, manager-2, recognized the failure and attempted to take away the lead. Because manager-2 was fast enough, the process was effectively elected as the primary manager. As a result, manager-2 became the primary manager of the cluster.

    如果我们查看一下manager-3我们会看到这样的日志:

    user@manager-3 $ swarm manage -H :4000 <tls-config-flags> --replication --advertise 192.168.42.202:4000 consul://192.168.42.10:8500/nodes
    INFO[0000] Listening for HTTP                            addr=:4000 proto=tcp
    INFO[0000] Cluster leadership lost
    INFO[0000] New leader elected: 192.168.42.200:4000
    INFO[0036] New leader elected: 192.168.42.201:4000   <--- manager-2 sees the new Primary Manager
    [...]
    

    在此刻,我们需要导出一个新的DOCKER_HOST值。

    切换到primary

    要切换到manager-2需要导出DOCKER_HOOST像下面这样:

    user@my-machine $ export DOCKER_HOST=192.168.42.201:4000 # Points to manager-2
    user@my-machine $ docker info
    Containers: 0
    Images: 25
    Storage Driver:
    Role: Replica  <--------- manager-2 is a Replica
    Primary: 192.168.42.200
    Strategy: spread
    Filters: affinity, health, constraint, port, dependency
    Nodes: 3
    

    你可以使用命令在任意的Docker Swarm的primary或是replica上。

    如果你喜欢,你可以使用自定义的机制总是指向DOCKER_HOST到当前的manager。这样你就永远不会与Docker Swarm失去联系。

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