似乎ORM最难设计的部分是查询。特别是面向对象的查询，今天学习SQLAlchemy，发现SQLAlchemy的查询语法竟如此灵活，惊叹其如此强大的表达能力的同时也对Python也有了更深的认识。下面看一下我写的一些查询语句：

Python代码:

简单查询

注意User是一个类对象,user_table是数据库中的表

print(session.query(User).all())

—相当于SQL语句—>

select * from user_table 

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 print(session.query(User.name,User.fullname.all()))

—相当于SQL语句—>

select user_table.name,user_table.fullname from user_table

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print(session.query(User,user.name).all())

—相当于SQL语句—>

select user_table.name from user_table

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条件查询

 print (session.query(User).filter_by(name=’user1).all())

—相当于SQL语句—>

select * from user_table where name = ‘user1’

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print (session.query(User).filter(User.name == “user).all())

—相当于SQL语句—>

select * from user_table where user_table.name = user

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print (session.query(User).filter(User.name.like(“user%”)).all())

—相当于SQL语句—>

select * from user_table where user_table.name like user%

多条件查询

print (session.query(User).filter(and_(User.name.like(“user),User.fullname.like(“first%”))).all()

—相当于SQL语句—>

select * from user_table where user_table.name like %user and user_table.fullname like first%
print(session.query(User).filter(or_(User.name.like(“user%),User.password != None)).all()

—相当于SQL语句—>

select * from user_table where user_table.name = user% or user_table.password != none

sql过滤

print(session(User).filter(“id>:id”).params(id=1).all()

—相当于SQL语句—>

select * from user_table where user_table.id > 1

关联查询

print(session.query(User,Address).filter(User.id == Address.user_id).all()

—相当于SQL语句—>

select * from user_table,address_table where user_table.id == address.user_id
print (session.query(User).jion(User.address).all()

—相当于SQL语句—>

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print (session.query(User).outerjoin(User.address).all())

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聚合查询

  print(session.query(User.name,func.count(‘*’).label(“user_count)).group_by(User.name).all())

—相当于SQL语句—>

select count(user_table.name) as user_count from user_table where group by(user_table.name)
print(session.query(User.name,func.sum(User.id).label(“user_id_sum”)).group_by(User.name).all())

—相当于SQL语句—>

select user_table.name,sum(user_table.id)  from user_table where group by(user_table.name)

子查询

stmt = session.query(Address.user_id,func.count(‘*’).label(“address_count”).group by(Address.user_id).subquery()
print (session.query(User,stmt.c.address_count).outjion((stmt,User.id == stmt.c.user_id.order_by(User_id).all()

exits

print (session.query(User).filter(exists().where(Address.user_id == User.id)))
print (session.query(User).filter(User.addresses.any()))

转载来源：http://blog.chedushi.com/archives/2120