SpringBoot配置Kaptcha验证码
简介
验证码的作用其实就是通过人为操作来防止暴力破解、机器人等。
本文通过SprinBoot +Kaptcha实现图片验证码生成功能,验证码的保存一般使用缓存,可以选择使用Redis或者一些Java的缓存实现(例如,EhCache,guava cache等),如果分布式系统请使用Redis,这里简单Demo使用EhCache实现验证码缓存,具体实现如下:
Maven依赖
可以通过Spring Initializr实现初始化:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.axet</groupId>
<artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
<version>0.0.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
</dependency>
启动缓存
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class EhCacheConfiguration {}
配置验证码图片生成
@Configuration
public class KaptchaConfiguration {
/**
* 默认生成图形验证码宽度
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_WIDTH = "100";
/**
* 默认生成图像验证码高度
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_HEIGHT = "40";
/**
* 默认生成图形验证码长度
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_LENGTH = "4";
/**
* 颜色,合法值: r,g,b (and optional alpha) 或者 white,black,blue.
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_COLOR_FONT = "black";
/**
* 图片边框
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_BORDER = "no";
/**
* 默认图片间隔
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_CHAR_SPACE = "5";
/**
* 验证码文字大小
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE_FONT_SIZE = "30";
@Bean
public DefaultKaptcha producer() {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_BORDER, DEFAULT_IMAGE_BORDER);
properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_FONT_COLOR, DEFAULT_COLOR_FONT);
properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_SPACE, DEFAULT_CHAR_SPACE);
properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_IMAGE_WIDTH, DEFAULT_IMAGE_WIDTH);
properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_IMAGE_HEIGHT, DEFAULT_IMAGE_HEIGHT);
properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_FONT_SIZE, DEFAULT_IMAGE_FONT_SIZE);
properties.put(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_LENGTH, DEFAULT_IMAGE_LENGTH);
Config config = new Config(properties);
DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new DefaultKaptcha();
defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config);
return defaultKaptcha;
}
}
配置Ehcache
ehcache.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd"
updateCheck="false">
<diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>
<defaultCache
eternal="false"
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
overflowToDisk="true"
diskPersistent="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>
<cache
name="kaptcha"
eternal="false"
maxElementsInMemory="1000"
overflowToDisk="false"
diskPersistent="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="180"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>
</ehcache>
SpringBoot application.properties 配置
spring.cache.type=ehcache
spring.cache.ehcache.config=classpath:/ehcache.xml
测试
- 启动一个Controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/kaptcha")
@Slf4j
public class KaptchaController {
@Autowired
private Producer producer;
@Autowired
private CacheManager cacheManager;
@GetMapping("/code")
public void generation(HttpServletResponse response) {
String text = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(4);
log.info("生成验证码:{}", text);
BufferedImage image = producer.createImage(text);
//缓存验证码
cacheManager.getCache("kaptcha").put(text, text);
//set content type
response.setContentType(MediaType.IMAGE_JPEG.getType());
try {
FastByteArrayOutputStream os = new FastByteArrayOutputStream();
ImageIO.write(image, "jpeg", os);
os.writeTo(response.getOutputStream());
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("验证码处理失败:{}", e.getMessage(), e);
throw new RuntimeException("验证码获取失败", e);
}
}
}
- 启动工程
@SpringBootApplication
public class KaptchaDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(KaptchaDemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
- 运行,浏览器访问:
http://localhost:8080/api/v1/kaptcha/code
总结
- 使用图片验证码一般会设置过期时间
- 大部分验证码都是大小写忽略(Demo中是大小写敏感)
- 分布式环境缓存需要统一,例如使用Redis
- 结合Spring Security的时候记得把验证码的URL权限放开
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