From Objective-C to Ruby(4)-类和模块

类

定义类

OC:

// Cat.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Cat : NSObject
-(void)eat:(NSString*)food;
@end

// Cat.m

#import "Cat.h"

@implementation Cat
-(void)eat:(NSString*)food{
    NSLog(@"%@, 好好吃！",food);
}
@end

// main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Cat.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Cat * cat = [Cat new];
        [cat eat:@"小鱼"];
    }
}

ruby:

class Cat
    def eat(food)
        puts "#{food}，好好吃!"
    end
end

kitty = Cat.new
kitty.eat "小魚"  #=> 小魚，好好吃!

初始化方法

OC:

...
- (instancetype)init
{
    if(self = [super init])//说明父类的init方法执行成功
    {
     // 初始化子类自己的属性;
    }
    return self;
}！
...

ruby:

class Cat
  def initialize(name, gender)
    @name = name
    @gender = gender
  end

  def say_hello
    puts "hello, my name is #{@name}"
  end
end

kitty = Cat.new("kitty", "female")
kitty.say_hello    # => hello, my name is kitty

实例变量和属性

OC:

// Cat.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Cat : NSObject
@property(nonatomic, strong)NSString *name; // 属性
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name andGender:(NSString*)gender;
-(void)sayHello;
@end

// Cat.m

#import "Cat.h"
@interface Cat ()
{
    NSString* _name; // 实例变量
    NSString* _gender;
}
@end
@implementation Cat
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name andGender:(NSString*)gender{
    if(self = [super init])
    {
        _name = name;
        _gender = gender;
    }
    return self;
}

-(void)sayHello{
    NSLog(@"hello, my name is %@", _name);
}
@end

// main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Cat.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Cat * cat = [[Cat alloc]initWithName:@"kitty" andGender:@"female"];
        [cat sayHello];  // => hello, my name is kitty
    }
}

ruby:

class Cat
  attr_accessor :name #属性 

  def initialize(name, gender)
    @name = name # 实例变量
    @gender = gender
  end
    
  def say_hello
    puts "hello, my name is #{@name}" # => hello, my name is kitty
  end
end

类方法和对象方法

OC:

// Cat.m

#import "Cat.h"
@interface Cat ()
@end
@implementation Cat
+(void)info{
//  类方法
}
-(void)sayHello{
// 对象方法
}
@end

ruby:

class Cat
  # 类方法
  def self.info 
    # ...
  end

 # 对象方法
  def say_hello
    # ...
  end
end

模块

OC:

// NSObject+Flyable.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface NSObject (Flyable)
-(void)fly;
@end

// NSObject+Flyable.m

#import "NSObject+Flyable.h"

@implementation NSObject (Flyable)
-(void)fly{
    NSLog(@"I can fly!");
}
@end

// Cat.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "NSObject+Flyable.h"

@interface Cat : NSObject
@end

// Cat.m

#import "Cat.h"

@implementation Cat
@end

// main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Cat.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Cat * cat = [Cat new];
        [cat fly];  // => I can fly!
    }
}

ruby:

module Flyable
  def fly
    puts "I can fly!"
  end
end

class Cat
  include Flyable
end

kitty = Cat.new
kitty.fly        # => I can fly!

---

参考资料：
railsbook

---

• 持续更新。
• 若有更好的资料，感谢交流。
• 若有错误的内容，感谢斧正。