scotty 系列教程之 echo server

本章为 scotty 系列教程的第二篇，读者可先阅读 第一篇 学习如何使用 stack 构建一个 Haskell 的项目。

本章的目标是使用 scotty 构建一个 echo server，用 curl 测试如下：

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:3000/?echo=abc
abc
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:3000/ -d echo=cdf
cdf

我们继续使用 上篇 所建立的 helloworld 为基础建立 echo server。

修改 src/Lib.hs 如下：

{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

module Lib
    ( someFunc
    ) where

import           Web.Scotty

someFunc :: IO ()
someFunc =  scotty 3000 $ do
  get "/" $ do
    echo <- param "echo"
    text echo

  post "/" $ do
    echo <- param "echo"
    text echo

这里用了 get 和 post 的方法，然后通过 param 获取 echo 的信息然后输出。

编译一下：

$ stack build --system-ghc 
Warning: File listed in helloworld.cabal file does not exist: README.md
helloworld-0.1.0.0: build (lib + exe)
Preprocessing library helloworld-0.1.0.0...
[1 of 1] Compiling Lib              ( src/Lib.hs, .stack-work/dist/x86_64-osx/Cabal-1.24.2.0/build/Lib.o )

/Users/lmj/repo/dispatch/helloworld/src/Lib.hs:7:1: error:
    Failed to load interface for ‘Web.Scotty’
    Use -v to see a list of the files searched for.
Warning: File listed in helloworld.cabal file does not exist: README.md

--  While building package helloworld-0.1.0.0 using:
      /Users/lmj/.stack/setup-exe-cache/x86_64-osx/Cabal-simple_mPHDZzAJ_1.24.2.0_ghc-8.0.2 --builddir=.stack-work/dist/x86_64-osx/Cabal-1.24.2.0 build lib:helloworld exe:helloworld-exe --ghc-options " -ddump-hi -ddump-to-file"
    Process exited with code: ExitFailure 1

编译器抱怨没有找到 Web.Scotty，这是缺少依赖 scotty 导致的。
打开 helloworld.cabal, 将 scotty 添加到 library 的 build-depends, 如下：

library
  hs-source-dirs:      src
  exposed-modules:     Lib
  build-depends:       base >= 4.7 && < 5
                     , scotty
  default-language:    Haskell2010

重新编译一下：

$ stack build --system-ghc 
Warning: File listed in helloworld.cabal file does not exist: README.md
fail-4.9.0.0: using precompiled package
nats-1.1.1: using precompiled package
regex-base-0.93.2: using precompiled package
regex-posix-0.95.2: using precompiled package
regex-compat-0.95.1: using precompiled package
scotty-0.11.0: using precompiled package
helloworld-0.1.0.0: configure (lib + exe)
Configuring helloworld-0.1.0.0...
helloworld-0.1.0.0: build (lib + exe)
Preprocessing library helloworld-0.1.0.0...
[1 of 1] Compiling Lib              ( src/Lib.hs, .stack-work/dist/x86_64-osx/Cabal-1.24.2.0/build/Lib.o )
Preprocessing executable 'helloworld-exe' for helloworld-0.1.0.0...
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( app/Main.hs, .stack-work/dist/x86_64-osx/Cabal-1.24.2.0/build/helloworld-exe/helloworld-exe-tmp/Main.o ) [Lib changed]
Linking .stack-work/dist/x86_64-osx/Cabal-1.24.2.0/build/helloworld-exe/helloworld-exe ...
Warning: File listed in helloworld.cabal file does not exist: README.md
helloworld-0.1.0.0: copy/register
Installing library in
/Users/lmj/repo/dispatch/helloworld/.stack-work/install/x86_64-osx/lts-8.5/8.0.2/lib/x86_64-osx-ghc-8.0.2/helloworld-0.1.0.0-1f3dj2GjzoiFgLQm1bUvr4
Installing executable(s) in
/Users/lmj/repo/dispatch/helloworld/.stack-work/install/x86_64-osx/lts-8.5/8.0.2/bin
Registering helloworld-0.1.0.0...
Completed 7 action(s).

接下来运行测试一下：

$ stack exec --system-ghc helloworld-exe
Setting phasers to stun... (port 3000) (ctrl-c to quit)

打开另外一个终端测试：

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:3000/?echo=abc
abc 
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:3000/ -d echo=cdf
cdf

到这里整个 echo server 基本完成。

继续看 src/Lib.hs 的代码，get 和 post 的处理代码是一样的，我们是否写成一个函数呢？ 答案是可以的。

阅读文档发现 get 和 post 定义如下：

get :: RoutePattern -> ActionM () -> ScottyM ()
post :: RoutePattern -> ActionM () -> ScottyM ()

所以可以定义一个 echoHandler 如下：

echoHandler :: ActionM ()
echoHandler = do
  echo <- param "echo"
  text echo

修改 src/Lib.hs 如下:

{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

module Lib
    ( someFunc
    ) where

import           Web.Scotty

someFunc :: IO ()
someFunc =  scotty 3000 $ do
  get  "/" echoHandler
  post "/" echoHandler

echoHandler :: ActionM ()
echoHandler = do
  echo <- param "echo"
  text echo

编译测试如上，由读者自行完成。