安装Oracle11g数据库

linux环境准备：

1、关闭软件：

1.1、关闭防火墙及永久关闭：

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
[root@localhost ~]# service ip6tables stop
ip6tables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter         [  OK  ]
ip6tables: Flushing firewall rules:                        [  OK  ]
ip6tables: Unloading modules:                              [  OK  ]
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig ip6tables off

1.2、关闭图形化网络工具：

[root@localhost ~]# service NetworkManager stop
Stopping NetworkManager daemon:                            [  OK  ]
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager off

1.3、关闭Linux中selinux安全增强机制：

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

2、配置yum软件仓库：

[root@localhost dev]# mount /dev/sr0  /mnt/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost dev]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo
[yum]
name=123
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=file:///mnt
[root@localhost dev]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscripti                                                                  on-manager to register.
yum                                                              | 3.9 kB     00:00 ...
yum/primary_db                                                   | 3.1 MB     00:00 ...
repo id                                    repo name                              status
yum                                        123                                    3,690
repolist: 3,690

3、配置主机名及映射关系：

[root@localhost dev]# hostname oracle1
[root@localhost dev]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@localhost dev]# cat  /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=oracle1
[root@localhost dev]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@localhost dev]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.0.0.6    oracle1

4、安装oracle安装所需依赖包：

yum -y install binutils-* compat-libstdc++-* compat-libstdc++-*.i686 elfutils-libelf* elfutils-libelf-devel* gcc-* gcc-c++-* glibc-* glibc-*.i686 glibc-common* glibc-devel* glibc-devel*.i686 glibc-headers* ksh* libaio* libaio*.i686 libaio* libaio*.i686 libgcc* libgcc*.i686 libstdc++* libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel* make* sysstat* unixODBC* unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel* unixODBC-devel*

5、准备用户组和用户：

[root@oracle1 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle1 ~]# groupadd dba
[root@oracle1 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle
[root@oracle1 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

6、创建目录：

[root@oracle1 u01]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1
[root@oracle1 u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1
[root@oracle1 ~]# mkdir -p /ora_data/
[root@oracle1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall  /ora_data
[root@oracle1 ~]# mkdir -p /ora_idx/
[root@oracle1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall  /ora_idx
[root@oracle1 ~]# mkdir -p /ora_flash/
[root@oracle1 ~]#  chown -R oracle:oinstall  /ora_flash

7、配置环境变量：

[oracle@oracle ~]$ vim .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
[oracle@oracle1 ~]$ source .bash_profile

8、修改内核参数：

[root@oracle1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
[root@oracle1 ~]# sysctl  -p

9、对oracle用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能：

[root@oracle1 ~]# vim  /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nofile 65536
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nofile 65536

10、上传oracle软件安装包并解压：

[root@oracle1 tmp]# unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@oracle1 tmp]# unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[oracle@oracle1 tmp]$ ll
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root       4096 Sep 22  2011 database
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1358454646 Jul  3 09:22 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1142195302 Jul  3 09:23 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

11、在oracle用户下安装database软件：

[oracle@oracle1 database]$ ./runInstaller -ignoresysprereqs

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root用户下执行这两个脚本：

[root@oracle1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@oracle1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/root.sh

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连接空闲实例验证是否软件安装成功：

[oracle@oracle1 database]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Jul 3 10:00:56 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> 

11、dbca建库：

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