通信方式
共享内存 (速度最快、需要进程处理同步)
命名管道
消息队列
SOCKET
RPC
同步方式：
文件锁
信号量
MONITOR
共享内存
| System V IPC | UNIX mmap | POSIX IPC | |
|---|---|---|---|
| create memory area in operating system table | ftok shmget | open lseek write | shm_open lseek write |
| attach memory to virtual address space | shmat | mmap | mmap |
| detach memory from virtual address space | shmdt | munmap | munmap |
| remove memory area from operating system table | shmctl | close unlink | close shm_unlink |
信号量
| POSIX named semaphores | POSIX unnamed semaphores | System V semaphores | |
|---|---|---|---|
| create semaphore | sem_open | sem_init | semget |
| initialize | at creation time | at creation time | semctl |
| P (…) | sem_wait | sem_timedwait | sem_trywait |
| sem_wait | sem_timedwait | sem_trywait | semop |
| V (…) | sem_post | sem_post | semop |
| read value | sem_getvalue | sem_getvalue | semctl |
| remove semaphore | sem_close sem_unlink | sem_destroy | semctl |
boost/interprocess
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