使用spring集成其他技术,最基本的配置都是模板化的,比如配置视图模板引擎、数据库连接池、orm框架、缓存服务、邮件服务、rpc调用等,以spring的xml配置为例,我将这些配置过程整理出来,并不时更新,以备参考!
spring
在普通的java工程中引入spring,只需要配置以下依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
实际开发中,如果你用了log4j等日志框架,最好排除掉spring对commons-logging的依赖,写demo就不用了
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
建一个spring-conf.xml,放在src/main/java目录(也就是所有包和类的根目录,即classpath),内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="com.xmyself.Test" />
</beans>
建一个Test.java类,这个类就是spring-conf.xml文件中定义的那个bean
package com.xmyself;
public class Test {
public void test() {
System.out.println("spring is running");
}
}
写带有main方法的主类
package com.xmyself;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-conf.xml");
Test test = context.getBean(Test.class);
test.test();
}
}
运行Main,就能看到“spring is running”输出,spring配置完成
spring mvc
spring mvc是配置在web工程中的,使用spring mvc也只要配置一个依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
整一个Test.java类,这是个controller
package com.xmyself.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class Test {
@RequestMapping("/test")
@ResponseBody
public String test() {
return "spring mvc running";
}
}
在src/main/resources目录下建一个spring目录,里面放一个mvc-init.xml,内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xmyself.controller" />
</beans>
这个配置文件扫描了Test.java,最后修改web.xml来加载这个配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<display-name>spring3mvc</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:/spring/mvc-init.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
初始化DispatcherServlet如果没有指定xml文件地址,spring默认去WEB-INF目录找[servlet-name]-servlet.xml,这里就是spring-servlet.xml
启动工程,浏览器访问 http:localhost:8080/springmvc/test 就能看到返回 test 值了,spring mvc配置完成
freemarker模板引擎
spring mvc通常要配置模板引擎,因为jsp太复杂了,而且有损mvc模型
freemarker是一种严格遵循mvc模型的模板引擎,现在介绍它的spring mvc中的配置
首先配置依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
<artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
<version>2.3.23</version>
</dependency>
为什么要依赖spring-context-support?因为freemarker使用的视图解析器是由spring提供的,这个解析器就在spring-context-support的jar中,下面的配置过程会让你明白,在spring mvc的mvc-init.xml中配置freemarker
<!-- freemarker config -->
<bean id="freemarkerConfig" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
<property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/page/" />
</bean>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">
<property name="suffix" value=".ftl" />
<property name="contentType" value="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
</bean>
配置freemarker的本质是初始化上面的两个bean,所以,你可以把这段配置写在任意的xml文件,只要spring mvc能加载就行
在WEB-INF目录建一个page目录,里面放一个freemarker.ftl文件,内容只有一句话“freemarker page 中文乱码测试”
最后,在控制器写一个方法
@RequestMapping("/freemarker")
public String freemarker() {
return "freemarker";
}
启动工程,访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/freemarker
就能看到『freemarker page 中文乱码测试』这句话了
thymeleaf模板引擎
thymeleaf
也是一个mvc模型的模板引擎,它的后缀是.html,所以thymeleaf模板的好处是不用渲染就能看到内容,现在spring也是推荐用thymeleaf作为spring mvc的模板引擎
配置依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring3</artifactId>
<version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
这是thymeleaf与spring连接用的jar,它依赖了thymeleaf的jar,对于spring3和spring4,thymeleaf的依赖是不同的,配置也稍有不同,这点要注意,下面就开始配置thymeleaf
<!-- thymeleaf config -->
<bean id="templateResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".html" />
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5" />
</bean>
<bean id="templateEngine" class="org.thymeleaf.spring3.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver" ref="templateResolver" />
</bean>
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring3.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
<property name="templateEngine" ref="templateEngine" />
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
</bean>
这段配置放在spring mvc能读到的任意xml文件都可以
在WEB-INF目录建一个page目录,里面放一个thymeleaf.html,内容只有一行“thymeleaf page 中文乱码测试”
最后,在控制器写一个方法
@RequestMapping("/thymeleaf")
public String thymeleaf() {
return "thymeleaf";
}
启动工程,访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/thymeleaf就能看到“thymeleafpage 中文乱码测试”这句话了
tomcat pool数据库连接池
可能用dbcp、c3p0连接池的人多一点,其实tomcat pool更好,具体怎么好请google,下面介绍针对mysql数据库的配置过程
配置依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.27</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>7.0.73</version>
</dependency>
tomcat-jdbc依赖了tomcat-juli,所以如果你在eclipse中为工程加入了tomcat的库,还需要单独加一个tomcat-juli的jar
下面整一个Main.java来测试连接
package com.xmyself;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource;
import org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PoolProperties;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
PoolProperties p = new PoolProperties();
p.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql");
p.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
p.setUsername("root");
p.setPassword("root");
p.setJmxEnabled(true);
p.setTestWhileIdle(false);
p.setTestOnBorrow(true);
p.setValidationQuery("SELECT 1");
p.setTestOnReturn(false);
p.setValidationInterval(30000);
p.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(30000);
p.setMaxActive(100);
p.setInitialSize(10);
p.setMaxWait(10000);
p.setRemoveAbandonedTimeout(60);
p.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(30000);
p.setMinIdle(10);
p.setLogAbandoned(true);
p.setRemoveAbandoned(true);
p.setJdbcInterceptors("org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState;"
+ "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer");
DataSource datasource = new DataSource();
datasource.setPoolProperties(p);
Connection con = null;
try {
con = datasource.getConnection();
Statement st = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from user");
int cnt = 1;
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println((cnt++) + ". Host:" + rs.getString("Host")
+ " User:" + rs.getString("User") + " Password:"
+ rs.getString("Password"));
}
rs.close();
st.close();
} finally {
if (con != null)
try {
con.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
}
}
}
这个例子是tomcat官方文档给出的,运行结果如下
1. Host:localhost User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
2. Host:127.0.0.1 User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
3. Host:::1 User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
4. Host:localhost User: Password:
5. Host:% User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B
那spring怎么集成tomcat pool呢?配置xml让spring加载就好了
<bean id="datasource" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql" />
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
</bean>
这里配置的属性与官方例子set方法中的属性完全相同,其余的我就不配置了
然后写一个测试,这里以spring mvc为例,写一个controller,具体代码与上例相同
@Controller
public class Test {
@Autowired
private DataSource datasource;
@RequestMapping("/test")
@ResponseBody
public String test() throws Exception {
Connection con = datasource.getConnection();
// 拿到con就可以操作了
return "spring mvc running";
}
}
mybatis持久化框架
mybatis轻量级,配置简单,使用方便,我们在tomcat pool基础上来配置,当然,使用tomcat pool配置只是为了得到dataSource,如果你用dbcp、c3p0等连接池,只要修改下这个dataSource的配置就好,mybatis本身的配置不用修改
配置依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
我们定义一个TestDao.java
接口,这就是mybatis要实现的东西
package com.xmyself.dao;
public interface TestDao {
public String test();
}
在src/main/resources
目录建一个mapper
目录,里面放一个TestDao.xml
,内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.xmyself.dao.TestDao">
<select id="test" resultType="java.lang.String">
select "test"
</select>
</mapper>
mybatis通过一个xml文件实现了TestDao.java接口,很显然,这个实现过程肯定要用到dataSource,接下来的配置就是将TestDao.java、TestDao.xml、dataSource三者关联起来,在spring的xml配置文件(哪个配置文件没关系,只要spring能加载)添加如下内容
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql" />
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:mapper/*.xml" />
</bean>
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.xmyself.dao" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
</bean>
这个配置我其实有点疑惑,TestDao.xml中有对TestDao.java接口的声明,所以应该只需要将dataSource与TestDao.xml做关联就够了,但实际上我没有找到这种方式
这时候启动工程,spring加载过程会报错,其实我是故意的,_
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean
因为spring内部没有直接对mybatis的支持,所以需要依赖中间层jar包,另外,还需要spring-jdbc提供对dao的支持
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
我们整一个类来测试吧,还是以spring mvc为例,整一个controller
@Controller
public class Test {
@Autowired
private TestDao testDao;
@RequestMapping("/test")
@ResponseBody
public String test() throws Exception {
System.out.println(testDao.test());
return "spring mvc running";
}
}
浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test
就能看到后台输出“test”,mybatis配置完成
redis缓存服务
redis是一种key-value非关系型数据库,特点是运行于内存中,速度快,作为缓存服务器非常不错
java对redis数据库的访问是通过jedis完成的
配置依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
初始化jedis连接,假设redis服务器地址为:192.168.253.128,端口:6379
<bean id="jedisPoolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig">
<property name="maxIdle" value="100" />
<property name="maxTotal" value="300" />
<property name="maxWaitMillis" value="1000" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="true" />
</bean>
<bean id="jedisPool" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="jedisPoolConfig" />
<constructor-arg index="1" value="192.168.253.128" type="java.lang.String" />
<constructor-arg index="2" value="6379" type="int" />
</bean>
这段代码放在哪没关系,只要spring能加载到,注意,构造器注入一定要指明type类型然后我们整一个类来测试,以spring mvc为例,整一个controller
@Controller
public class Test {
@Autowired
private JedisPool pool;
@RequestMapping("/test")
@ResponseBody
public String test() {
Jedis redis = pool.getResource();
redis.set("test", "test");
System.out.println(redis.get("test"));
return "spring mvc running";
}
}
浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test
,就能看到后台输出“test”,jedis配置完成
dubbo分布式服务
dubbo是阿里巴巴开源的分布式rpc框架,现在假设服务提供方正常工作,我们只配置在spring中使用dubbo服务
配置依赖,假设dubbo使用zookeeper作为注册中心
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.4</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>org.apache.zookeeper</artifactId>
<groupId>zookeeper</groupId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.9</version>
</dependency>
在src/main/resources的spring目录放一个dubbo-client.xml
,内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!-- 服务名称 -->
<dubbo:application name="dubbo-demo" />
<!-- 注册中心 -->
<dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="172.17.210.124:2181" />
<!-- 服务接口 -->
<dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="org.dubbo.demo.client.DemoService" version="0.0.1" />
</beans>
然后让spring加载dubbo-client.xml
<import resource="classpath*:/spring/dubbo-client.xml" />
启动工程,DemoService接口提供的方法就可以用了,就像调用本地方法一样
@Controller
public class Test{
@Autowired
private DemoService demoService;
@RequestMapping("/test")
@ResponseBody
public String test() {
return demoService.test("dubbo-demo-test");
}
}
当然,服务使用者需要拿到服务提供者声明服务接口的jar,在公司内部,这通常也是一个依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.xmyself</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
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