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iOS WKWebView 实现 JS 与 Objective-

iOS WKWebView 实现 JS 与 Objective-

作者: 在路上浅谈管理 | 来源:发表于2019-08-08 12:26 被阅读19次

    接着上一篇文章,现在我们更加详细的说一下WKWebView。
    先看看大概效果:

    image
    最近项目中的UIWebView被替换为了WKWebView,因此来总结一下。
    示例Demo:WKWebView的使用
    本文将从以下几方面介绍WKWebView:
    • 1、WKWebView涉及的一些类
    • 2、WKWebView涉及的代理方法
    • 3、网页内容加载进度条和title的实现
    • 4、JS和OC的交互
    • 5、本地HTML文件的实现

    一.WKWebView涉及的一些类

    WKWebView:网页的渲染与展示

    注意: #import <WebKit/WebKit.h>
         //初始化
           _webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT) configuration:config];
            // UI代理
            _webView.UIDelegate = self;
            // 导航代理
            _webView.navigationDelegate = self;
            // 是否允许手势左滑返回上一级, 类似导航控制的左滑返回
            _webView.allowsBackForwardNavigationGestures = YES;
            //可返回的页面列表, 存储已打开过的网页 
           WKBackForwardList * backForwardList = [_webView backForwardList];
    
            //        NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.chinadaily.com.cn"]];
            //        [request addValue:[self readCurrentCookieWithDomain:@"http://www.chinadaily.com.cn"] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];
            //        [_webView loadRequest:request];
            //页面后退
            [_webView goBack];
            //页面前进
             [_webView goForward];
            //刷新当前页面
            [_webView reload];
            
            NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"JStoOC.html" ofType:nil];
            NSString *htmlString = [[NSString alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
          //加载本地html文件
            [_webView loadHTMLString:htmlString baseURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]]];
            
    

    WKWebViewConfiguration:为添加WKWebView配置信息

     //创建网页配置对象
            WKWebViewConfiguration *config = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc] init];
            
            // 创建设置对象
            WKPreferences *preference = [[WKPreferences alloc]init];
            //最小字体大小 当将javaScriptEnabled属性设置为NO时,可以看到明显的效果
            preference.minimumFontSize = 0;
            //设置是否支持javaScript 默认是支持的
            preference.javaScriptEnabled = YES;
            // 在iOS上默认为NO,表示是否允许不经过用户交互由javaScript自动打开窗口
            preference.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = YES;
            config.preferences = preference;
            
            // 是使用h5的视频播放器在线播放, 还是使用原生播放器全屏播放
            config.allowsInlineMediaPlayback = YES;
            //设置视频是否需要用户手动播放  设置为NO则会允许自动播放
            config.requiresUserActionForMediaPlayback = YES;
            //设置是否允许画中画技术 在特定设备上有效
            config.allowsPictureInPictureMediaPlayback = YES;
            //设置请求的User-Agent信息中应用程序名称 iOS9后可用
            config.applicationNameForUserAgent = @"ChinaDailyForiPad";
             //自定义的WKScriptMessageHandler 是为了解决内存不释放的问题
            WeakWebViewScriptMessageDelegate *weakScriptMessageDelegate = [[WeakWebViewScriptMessageDelegate alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
            //这个类主要用来做native与JavaScript的交互管理
            WKUserContentController * wkUController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
            //注册一个name为jsToOcNoPrams的js方法
            [wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:weakScriptMessageDelegate  name:@"jsToOcNoPrams"];
            [wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:weakScriptMessageDelegate  name:@"jsToOcWithPrams"]; 
           config.userContentController = wkUController;
    

    WKUserScript:用于进行JavaScript注入

     //以下代码适配文本大小,由UIWebView换为WKWebView后,会发现字体小了很多,这应该是WKWebView与html的兼容问题,解决办法是修改原网页,要么我们手动注入JS
            NSString *jSString = @"var meta = document.createElement('meta'); meta.setAttribute('name', 'viewport'); meta.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width'); document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta);";
            //用于进行JavaScript注入
            WKUserScript *wkUScript = [[WKUserScript alloc] initWithSource:jSString injectionTime:WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentEnd forMainFrameOnly:YES];
            [config.userContentController addUserScript:wkUScript];
    
    

    WKUserContentController:这个类主要用来做native与JavaScript的交互管理

    
          //这个类主要用来做native与JavaScript的交互管理
            WKUserContentController * wkUController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
            //注册一个name为jsToOcNoPrams的js方法,设置处理接收JS方法的代理
            [wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:self  name:@"jsToOcNoPrams"];
            [wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:self  name:@"jsToOcWithPrams"];
            config.userContentController = wkUController;
           //用完记得移除
           //移除注册的js方法
            [[_webView configuration].userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"jsToOcNoPrams"];
           [[_webView configuration].userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"jsToOcWithPrams"];
    

    WKScriptMessageHandler:这个协议类专门用来处理监听JavaScript方法从而调用原生OC方法,和WKUserContentController搭配使用。

    注意:遵守WKScriptMessageHandler协议,代理是由WKUserContentControl设置
    
       //通过接收JS传出消息的name进行捕捉的回调方法
    - (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
        NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);
        //用message.body获得JS传出的参数体
        NSDictionary * parameter = message.body;
        //JS调用OC
        if([message.name isEqualToString:@"jsToOcNoPrams"]){
            UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"js调用到了oc" message:@"不带参数" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
            [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
            }])];
            [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
            
        }else if([message.name isEqualToString:@"jsToOcWithPrams"]){
            UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"js调用到了oc" message:parameter[@"params"] preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
            [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
            }])];
            [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
        }
    }
    

    二、WKWebView涉及的代理方法

    WKNavigationDelegate :主要处理一些跳转、加载处理操作

    
        // 页面开始加载时调用
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
    }
        // 页面加载失败时调用
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error {
        [self.progressView setProgress:0.0f animated:NO];
    } 
        // 当内容开始返回时调用
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
    }
        // 页面加载完成之后调用
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
        [self getCookie];
    }
        //提交发生错误时调用
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error {
        [self.progressView setProgress:0.0f animated:NO];
    }  
       // 接收到服务器跳转请求即服务重定向时之后调用
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
    }
        // 根据WebView对于即将跳转的HTTP请求头信息和相关信息来决定是否跳转
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler {
        
        NSString * urlStr = navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString;
        NSLog(@"发送跳转请求:%@",urlStr);
        //自己定义的协议头
        NSString *htmlHeadString = @"github://";
        if([urlStr hasPrefix:htmlHeadString]){
            UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"通过截取URL调用OC" message:@"你想前往我的Github主页?" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
            [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"取消" style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {   
            }])];
            [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"打开" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
                NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:[urlStr stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"github://callName_?" withString:@""]];
                [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
            }])];
            [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
            decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);
        }else{
            decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);
        }
    }
        
        // 根据客户端受到的服务器响应头以及response相关信息来决定是否可以跳转
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{
        NSString * urlStr = navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString;
        NSLog(@"当前跳转地址:%@",urlStr);
        //允许跳转
        decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);
        //不允许跳转
        //decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel);
    } 
        //需要响应身份验证时调用 同样在block中需要传入用户身份凭证
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential * _Nullable credential))completionHandler{
        //用户身份信息
        NSURLCredential * newCred = [[NSURLCredential alloc] initWithUser:@"user123" password:@"123" persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone];
        //为 challenge 的发送方提供 credential
        [challenge.sender useCredential:newCred forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge];
        completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential,newCred);
    }
        //进程被终止时调用
    - (void)webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate:(WKWebView *)webView{
    }
    

    WKUIDelegate :主要处理JS脚本,确认框,警告框等

    
     /**
         *  web界面中有弹出警告框时调用
         *
         *  @param webView           实现该代理的webview
         *  @param message           警告框中的内容
         *  @param completionHandler 警告框消失调用
         */
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler {
        UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"HTML的弹出框" message:message?:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
            completionHandler();
        }])];
        [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
    }
        // 确认框
        //JavaScript调用confirm方法后回调的方法 confirm是js中的确定框,需要在block中把用户选择的情况传递进去
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL))completionHandler{
        UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"" message:message?:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"Cancel" style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
            completionHandler(NO);
        }])];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
            completionHandler(YES);
        }])];
        [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
    }
        // 输入框
        //JavaScript调用prompt方法后回调的方法 prompt是js中的输入框 需要在block中把用户输入的信息传入
    - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * _Nullable))completionHandler{
        UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:prompt message:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
        [alertController addTextFieldWithConfigurationHandler:^(UITextField * _Nonnull textField) {
            textField.text = defaultText;
        }];
        [alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
            completionHandler(alertController.textFields[0].text?:@"");
        }])];
        [self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
    }
        // 页面是弹出窗口 _blank 处理
    - (WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures {
        if (!navigationAction.targetFrame.isMainFrame) {
            [webView loadRequest:navigationAction.request];
        }
        return nil;
    }
    

    三、网页内容加载进度条和title的实现

     //添加监测网页加载进度的观察者
        [self.webView addObserver:self
                       forKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress"
                          options:0
                          context:nil];
       //添加监测网页标题title的观察者
        [self.webView addObserver:self
                       forKeyPath:@"title"
                          options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
                          context:nil];
    
       //kvo 监听进度 必须实现此方法
    -(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                         ofObject:(id)object
                           change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change
                          context:(void *)context{
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))]
            && object == _webView) {
           NSLog(@"网页加载进度 = %f",_webView.estimatedProgress);
            self.progressView.progress = _webView.estimatedProgress;
            if (_webView.estimatedProgress >= 1.0f) {
                dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(0.3 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                    self.progressView.progress = 0;
                });
            } 
        }else if([keyPath isEqualToString:@"title"]
                 && object == _webView){
            self.navigationItem.title = _webView.title;
        }else{
            [super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath
                                 ofObject:object
                                   change:change
                                  context:context];
        }
    }
        //移除观察者
        [_webView removeObserver:self
                      forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))];
        [_webView removeObserver:self
                      forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(title))];
    

    四、JS和OC的交互

    JS调用OC

    这个实现主要是依靠WKScriptMessageHandler协议类和WKUserContentController两个类:WKUserContentController对象负责注册JS方法,设置处理接收JS方法的代理,代理遵守WKScriptMessageHandler,实现捕捉到JS消息的回调方法,详情可以看第一步中对这两个类的介绍。

     //这个类主要用来做native与JavaScript的交互管理
            WKUserContentController * wkUController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
            //注册一个name为jsToOcNoPrams的js方法,设置处理接收JS方法的代理
            [wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:self  name:@"jsToOcNoPrams"];
            [wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:self  name:@"jsToOcWithPrams"];
            config.userContentController = wkUController;
    
    注意:遵守WKScriptMessageHandler协议,代理是由WKUserContentControl设置
     //通过接收JS传出消息的name进行捕捉的回调方法  js调OC
    - (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
        NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);
    }
    

    OC调用JS

    
     //OC调用JS  changeColor()是JS方法名,completionHandler是异步回调block
        NSString *jsString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"changeColor('%@')", @"Js参数"];
        [_webView evaluateJavaScript:jsString completionHandler:^(id _Nullable data, NSError * _Nullable error) {
            NSLog(@"改变HTML的背景色");
        }];
        
        //改变字体大小 调用原生JS方法
        NSString *jsFont = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.webkitTextSizeAdjust= '%d%%'", arc4random()%99 + 100];
        [_webView evaluateJavaScript:jsFont completionHandler:nil];
    

    五、本地HTML文件的实现

    由于示例Demo的需要以及知识有限,我用仅知的HTML、CSS、JavaScript的一点皮毛写了一个HTML文件,比较业余,大神勿喷😁😁
    小白想学习这方面的知识可以看这里: http://www.w3school.com.cn/index.html
    我用MAC自带的文本编辑工具,生成一个文件,改后缀名,强转为.html文件,同时还需要设置文本编辑打开HTML文件时显示代码(如下图),然后编辑代码。

    image

    详情请前往Github:WKWebView的使用

    如果总结没帮到你,你也可以看看下面几篇文:
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/833448c30d70
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/4fa8c4eb1316
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/91cfe58c032d
    参考文章:https://www.jianshu.com/p/5cf0d241ae12

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