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初·Handler、Looper、MessageQueue、Me

初·Handler、Looper、MessageQueue、Me

作者: yoosir | 来源:发表于2017-02-14 00:48 被阅读0次

源码学习

Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            //TODO Handler your Message
        }
}

我们在定义使用 Handler时,通常如上所写,先查看Handler的构造函数:

    final MessageQueue mQueue;
    final Looper mLooper;
    public Handler() {
        ...... //省略了  Handler class 是不是 static or leaks 的检测代码
        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = null;
    }

在Handler的构造函数中做了如下事情:

  1. mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); 获取Looper对象
  2. mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; 从Looper中获取MessageQueue对象

既然 Handler 、MessageQueue 都与 Looper 有关连,先看下Looper的内容:

    //当前线程对象
    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();

    //获取当前线程绑定的Looper对象
    public static Looper myLooper() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
    }
    
    //创建一个Looper对象绑定到当前线程
    //并在prepare的注解中,我们知道Looper的执行过程 prepare() -> loop() -> quit() ,后面跟着这个流程解析
    public static void prepare() {
        //当前线程只能绑定一个Looper对象
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        //当前线未绑定Looper对象,则创建 Looper对象并绑定到当前线程
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
    }

    //Looper 的构造函数是默认构造函数
    private Looper() {
        //创建了一个MessageQueue
        mQueue = new MessageQueue();
        mRun = true;
        //绑定了当前线程
        mThread = Thread.currentThread();
    }

在Looper中:

  1. 绑定当前线程创建Looper对象,且当前线程只能绑定一个Looper对象
  2. 并创建了MessageQueue 对象,即Looper对象中绑定了MessageQueue对象

现在查看 loop() 方法,它是一个静态方法

    /**
     * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
     * {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
     */
    public static void loop() {
        //获取当前线程的Looper对象
        Looper me = myLooper();
        //不存在,则抛出异常
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        //获取绑定的消息队列
        MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
        
        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

         //注意:这里有一个死循环,不断从消息队列中取消息
        while (true) {
            //从消息队列中取消息 (Message下面解析)
            //这个过程可能会阻塞
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg != null) {
                if (msg.target == null) {
                    // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message.
                    return;
                }

                long wallStart = 0;
                long threadStart = 0;

                // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
                //打印log
                Printer logging = me.mLogging;
                if (logging != null) {
                    logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                            msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
                    wallStart = SystemClock.currentTimeMicro();
                    threadStart = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMicro();
                }
                // 这里开始分发消息, msg.target ?  (查看其类型就是 Handler类型,从哪里赋值的呢?后面解析) 
                msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
                //打印log
                if (logging != null) {
                    long wallTime = SystemClock.currentTimeMicro() - wallStart;
                    long threadTime = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMicro() - threadStart;

                    logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
                    if (logging instanceof Profiler) {
                        ((Profiler) logging).profile(msg, wallStart, wallTime,
                                threadStart, threadTime);
                    }
                }
                
                // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
                // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
                final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
                if (ident != newIdent) {
                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                            + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                            + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                            + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                            + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
                }
                //消息回收: 应该是消息在分发后,被处理完了。
                msg.recycle();
            }
        }
    }

在loop() 中,

  1. 在Looper 中有一个 死循环,会不断的从消息队列中取消息、并通过Message绑定的Handler分发消息。
    (我们知道Android中屏幕会不断的被渲染,这其实就是原因)

Message 对象,很简单就是定义了消息的几个变量和绑定的Handler等

public class Message{
public int what;
public Object obj;
Handler target;  
......
}

从上面我们,我们可以看到 消息的一个分发的过程,现在我们来发送消息,了解消息是如何被添加到 MessageQueue(消息队列),消息的 target(Handler 消息处理)从何而来。

//从上面 Handler定义中继续,发送一个空消息
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(1)

我们查看上处代码的源码

public final boolean sendEmptyMessageAtTime(int what, long uptimeMillis) {
        //定义了一个默认Message变量
        Message msg = Message.obtain();
        msg.what = what;
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }
...//执行到如下方法
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)
    {
        boolean sent = false;
        //当前线程绑定的Looper,此Looper绑定的MessageQueue
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        //判断消息对列是否为空,不为空,将消息添加入队列中
        if (queue != null) {
            //此处将 当前Handler 绑定到Msg中
            msg.target = this;
            sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
        }
        else {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        return sent;
    }

从以上代码,可以知道:
1. 分发处理 Message 的Handler 就是 发送此消息的Handler

至于消息的处理 Handler.handlerMessage(msg) 何时被调用,如下:

    //在消息的分发后被处理
    /**
     * Handle system messages here.
     */
    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

总结 Looper、MessageQueue、Handler 和 Message 的关系如下:

当我们调用handler.sendMessage(msg)方法发送一个Message时,Message会绑定此Handler,然后Message被发送到 与当前线程绑定的Looper的MessageQueue中。当前线程绑定的Looper将会不断的从绑定的MessageQueue中取出新的Message,通过Message绑定的Handler 进行消息分发,在与Message绑定的handler的 handleMessage()方法中处理此消息。

  • 一个Thread对应多个Handler
  • 一个Thread对应一个Looper和MessageQueue,Handler与Thread共享Looper和MessageQueue。
  • Message只是消息的载体,将会被发送到与线程绑定的唯一的- MessageQueue中,并且被与线程绑定的唯一的Looper分发,被与其自身绑定的Handler消费。

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