其他用法：
Gradle的基本操作：配置同一应用不同的ApplicationID，不同资源的名字、图标

Gradle的基本操作：AndroidManifest.xml中的meta-data标签、gradle中的manifestPlaceholder

一篇文章理解groovy中闭包closure的使用,不仅仅限于groovy

一 sourceSets的使用

在build.gradle文件中使用sourceSets给资源文件分包。

在 ‘app’模块下的build.gradle的android闭包中添加一下配置块，然后创建相应的文件夹（脚本和新建文件夹不分先后），新建的资源文件夹的目录结构和默认的保持一致即可。

sourceSets {
    main {
        jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs']//修改 so 库的位置
        java {
            srcDir 'src/main/java'
        }

        //配置资源文件夹下
        res.srcDirs = [
                'src/main/res',
                'src/main/res-home',
                'src/main/res-news',
                'src/main/res-mine'
        ]
    }
}

经过上述配置，就可以单独为 home , news , mime 功能版块分别添加各自的资源文件，但是要保证资源的名字是唯一的。之后的使用就跟之前没啥区别了。

image.png

基本上按上述的配置就可以使用，究其原因，可以去看一下源码，也方便以后灵活配置。

如果想知道，为什么是 main，是不是还可以有其他的配置。可以在上述配置块后加下面的配置，打印出他可以进行那些配置。

 sourceSets.each {
        source ->
            println " ---------- "+source.name
    }

image.png

可见 main就在其中，你品，你细品！

常用源集属性

属性名	类型	描述
name	String	只读属性，比如main
java	SourceDirectorySet	Java 源文件的位置
java.srcDirs	Set	Java源文件所在的目录
resources	SourceDirectorySet	资源文件
resources.srcDirs	Set	资源文件所在目录

二 操作扩展-----分析一下Gradle源码

android 对应着源码中的 AppExtension ，sourceSets 其实就是位于 BaseExtension 类中的一个方法，AppExtension 又是 BaseExtension的子类，这也是为什么要在android代码块中配置了。

/**
 * Encapsulates source set configurations for all variants.
 *
 * <p>Note that the Android plugin uses its own implementation of source sets. For more
 * information about the properties you can configure in this block, see {@link
 * AndroidSourceSet}.
 */
public void sourceSets(Action<NamedDomainObjectContainer<AndroidSourceSet>> action) {
    checkWritability();
    sourceSetManager.executeAction(action);
}

由注释可知，该方法配置了所有变提的源集信息，并且Android插件与它自己的实现。具体还要看 AndroidSourceSet。

AndroidSourceSet 源码

它是一个接口，

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.build.gradle.api;
import com.android.annotations.NonNull;
import groovy.lang.Closure;

/**
 * An AndroidSourceSet represents a logical group of Java, aidl and RenderScript sources
 * as well as Android and non-Android (Java-style) resources.
 */
public interface AndroidSourceSet {

    /**
     * Returns the name of this source set.
     *
     * @return The name. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    String getName();

    /**
     * Returns the Java resources which are to be copied into the javaResources output directory.
     *
     * @return the java resources. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getResources();

    /**
     * Configures the Java resources for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet} which
     * contains the java resources.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the javaResources.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet resources(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * Returns the Java source which is to be compiled by the Java compiler into the class output
     * directory.
     *
     * @return the Java source. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getJava();

    /**
     * Configures the Java source for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet} which
     * contains the Java source.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the Java source.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet java(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * Returns the name of the compile configuration for this source set.
     *
     * @deprecated use {@link #getImplementationConfigurationName()}
     */
    @NonNull
    @Deprecated
    String getCompileConfigurationName();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the runtime configuration for this source set.
     *
     * @deprecated use {@link #getRuntimeOnlyConfigurationName()}
     */
    @NonNull
    @Deprecated
    String getPackageConfigurationName();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the compiled-only configuration for this source set.
     *
     * @deprecated use {@link #getCompileOnlyConfigurationName()}
     */
    @NonNull
    @Deprecated
    String getProvidedConfigurationName();

    /** Returns the name of the api configuration for this source set. */
    @NonNull
    String getApiConfigurationName();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the compileOnly configuration for this source set.
     */
    @NonNull
    String getCompileOnlyConfigurationName();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the implemenation configuration for this source set.
     */
    @NonNull
    String getImplementationConfigurationName();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the implemenation configuration for this source set.
     */
    @NonNull
    String getRuntimeOnlyConfigurationName();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the wearApp configuration for this source set.
     */
    @NonNull
    String getWearAppConfigurationName();

    /**
     * Returns the name of the annotation processing tool classpath for this source set.
     */
    @NonNull
    String getAnnotationProcessorConfigurationName();

    /**
     * The Android Manifest file for this source set.
     *
     * @return the manifest. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceFile getManifest();

    /**
     * Configures the location of the Android Manifest for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceFile} which contains the
     * manifest.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the Android Manifest.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet manifest(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * The Android Resources directory for this source set.
     *
     * @return the resources. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getRes();

    /**
     * Configures the location of the Android Resources for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet}
     * which contains the resources.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the Resources.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet res(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * The Android Assets directory for this source set.
     *
     * @return the assets. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getAssets();

    /**
     * Configures the location of the Android Assets for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet}
     * which contains the assets.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the Assets.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet assets(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * The Android AIDL source directory for this source set.
     *
     * @return the source. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getAidl();

    /**
     * Configures the location of the Android AIDL source for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet}
     * which contains the AIDL source.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the AIDL source.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet aidl(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * The Android RenderScript source directory for this source set.
     *
     * @return the source. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getRenderscript();

    /**
     * Configures the location of the Android RenderScript source for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet}
     * which contains the Renderscript source.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the Renderscript source.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet renderscript(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * The Android JNI source directory for this source set.
     *
     * @return the source. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getJni();

    /**
     * Configures the location of the Android JNI source for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet}
     * which contains the JNI source.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the JNI source.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet jni(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * The Android JNI libs directory for this source set.
     *
     * @return the libs. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getJniLibs();

    /**
     * Configures the location of the Android JNI libs for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet}
     * which contains the JNI libs.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the JNI libs.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet jniLibs(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * The Android shaders directory for this source set.
     *
     * @return the shaders. Never returns null.
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceDirectorySet getShaders();

    /**
     * Configures the location of the Android shaders for this set.
     *
     * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceDirectorySet}
     * which contains the shaders.
     *
     * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the shaders.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet shaders(Closure configureClosure);

    /**
     * Sets the root of the source sets to a given path.
     *
     * All entries of the source set are located under this root directory.
     *
     * @param path the root directory.
     * @return this
     */
    @NonNull
    AndroidSourceSet setRoot(String path);
}

里面的方法名就是可以配置的选项。拿下面方法举例，比如为某一模块配置 AndroidManifest.xml ：

/**
 * Configures the location of the Android Manifest for this set.
 *
 * <p>The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceFile} which contains the
 * manifest.
 *
 * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the Android Manifest.
 * @return this
 */
@NonNull
AndroidSourceSet manifest(Closure configureClosure);

该方法返回值是一个AndroidSourceFile，而且这个方法的注释有一句是这样的 The given closure is used to configure the {@link AndroidSourceFile} which contains the manifest. 这就告诉了我们 manifest 的配置参数，所以先去 AndroidSourceFile中看一下：

AndroidSourceFile.java

package com.android.build.gradle.api;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * An AndroidSourceFile represents a single file input for an Android project.
 */
public interface AndroidSourceFile {

    /**
     * A concise name for the source directory (typically used to identify it in a collection).
     */
    String getName();

    /**
     * Returns the file.
     * @return the file input.
     */
    File getSrcFile();

    /**
     * Sets the location of the file. Returns this object.
     *
     * @param srcPath The source directory. This is evaluated as for
     *                {@link org.gradle.api.Project#file(Object)}
     * @return the AndroidSourceFile object
     */
    AndroidSourceFile srcFile(Object srcPath);
}

这个类很简单，看最后一个方法，也就是路径。也就是说，manifest 可以调用 srcFile来设置AndroidManifest.xml的位置。

sourceSets { 
    main {
        if (!isRelease) {
            manifest.srcFile 'src/main/debug/AndroidManifest.xml'
        } else {
            manifest.srcFile 'src/main/AndroidManifest.xml'
        }
    }
}

其他属性的配置方法，亦如上述。