Win10-WSL-Ubuntu20.04-Docker 安装与

一、WSL 安装 Ubuntu20.04

1. Win10 启用 WSL

管理员身份运行：

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

重启电脑。

开启虚拟器特性

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

下载安装包:

• WSL2 Linux kernel update package for x64 machines
• https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi

设置默认版本：

wsl --set-default-version 2

ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10

2. 打开 Microsoft Store，安装 Ubuntu20.04

3. 启动 Ubuntu20.04，创建账号、密码

4. 安装 Windows Terminal（可选）

用 scoop 安装。

scoop install windows-terminal

windows-terminal 简单设置：

• 启动目录： //wsl$/Ubuntu-20.04//home/bo
• 字体： Jetbrains Mono

5. 设置源，更新（可选）

打开配置文件： sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list, 替换成以下内容：

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ref： https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

更新：sudo apt update

升级：sudo apt upgrade

6. 安装 ZSH、oh-my-zsh（可选）

-略-

二、安装 Docker

ref： https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

1. 首先更新索引，安装必要的依赖软件，添加新的 HTTPS 软件源

sudo apt update

sudo apt install apt-transport-https \
                 ca-certificates \
                 curl \
                 gnupg \
                 lsb-release

2. 使用下面的 curl 导入源仓库的 GPG key

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

3. 添加 Docker APT 软件源

echo \
  "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

现在，Docker 软件源被启用了，你可以安装软件源中任何可用的 Docker 版本。

4. 安装 Docker 最新版本

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

5. 运行一下是否安装成功

sudo docker run hello-world

可能或报错：

Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. > Is the docker daemon running?

再试一下：

sudo systemctl status docker
sudo systemctl status docker

还是报错：

System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate.
Failed to connect to bus: Host is down

原因是 WSL 没有完全实现 Linux 下的 systemctl 的命令， 可以检查一下：

# check if your system is using `systemd` or `sysvinit`
ps -p 1 -o comm=

# If the command doesn't return systemd, and in my case, Ubuntu-20.04 on WSL, the command returned init, then use the command pattern

# start services using sysvinit
service docker start

ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52604068/using-wsl-ubuntu-app-system-has-not-been-booted-with-system-as-init-system-pi

因此，在WSL下 要用以下命令启动 docker。

service docker start

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done!