护士有超能力，应该是全世界权威认证的职业能力。一个护士能够抬起两倍于自身大小的病人，能像钢铁一样的膀胱度过繁忙的轮班，能激光聚焦一样治疗多个病人，能对紧急情况和突发事件的闪电般的反应，还能预见病人出院后的需要。
护士拥有所有这些能力，甚至更多。想想在家的时候他们也是家里的手心肉啊。现在让我们来看看关于护士的一些鲜为人知的事实。关于护士你不知道的14件小事！
原作者： Lisa Esposito
翻译：Eileen
1
Nurses speak up.
护士的话语权
Advocating for patients is a core value for nurses. If doctors' orders don't seem right, nurses question them. If nurses realize patients are being discharged too soon, they speak up.
As nurses spend the most time with hospital patients, by far, their word carries weight. "The nurses have the video camera; the doctors have the snapshot," says Jill Arzouman, president of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses.
为病人服务是护士的核心价值观。如果医生的医嘱似乎不正确，护士会质疑医生。如果护士意识到病人出院太早，他们会指出这个问题。到目前为止，护士花在医院病人身上的时间最多，所以她们的话很有分量。Jill Arzouman，美国外科护士学会主席，说道“护士们有摄像机;医生们有快照按键。”
With hospital stays shrinking and patients sent home sicker, Arzouman says, nurses are thinking about your discharge from the moment you're admitted and coordinating with other providers to ensure you'll have resources when you get home.
Arzouman说，随着住院时间的减少和病人被送回家时病情加重，护士们从你入院的那一刻起就在考虑你的出院情况，并与其他医护人员协调，确保你回家后能有足够的资源。
2
Nurses provide care to all.
护士为所有人提供护理
The "unlovely and unlovable" are entitled to care, even if – especially if – they're incarcerated, says correctional nurse Lorry Schoenly. Since 1976, the Supreme Court has deemed that prisoners have a constitutional right to health care, and nurses like Schoenly make sure they get it.
"It's safer to work as a nurse in a prison than a nurse in an emergency room," she says. "The bad guys wear color-coded clothes."
Correctional nurses practice autonomously, dealing with health issues from metal-shop eye injuries to diabetes management. Patients are appreciative, Schoenly says: "Many of them are so happy to get services behind bars."
监狱护士Lorry Schoenly说，“不可爱的人”也有权得到照顾，即使他们被监禁，尤其是被监禁的时候。自1976年以来，最高法院一直认为囚犯享有宪法赋予的医疗保健权利，而像Schoenly这样的护士则确保他们享有这项权利。
她说:“在监狱里当护士比在急诊室里更安全。”“犯人穿有颜色的衣服。”监狱护士独立工作，处理从金属加工厂的眼睛受伤到糖尿病管理等健康问题。病人们很感激，Schoenly说:“他们中的许多人很高兴能在监狱里得到服务。”
3
More men are choosing nursing.
越来越多的男性选择护理行业
Men make up nearly 10 percent of today's RN workforce – triple the rate from 1970. Patients and co-workers benefit with men on staff, says Nick Germinario, a travel nurse on a California telemetry unit. A male patient might prefer having a male clinician perform certain procedures, for instance.
And when it comes to lifting heavier patients, a strong colleague can come in handy. "It seems like today's society is starting to value nursing more," Germinario says. "I'm happy to see that because I love being a nurse."
如今，男性在注册护士队伍中所占比例接近10%，是1970年的三倍。加州一家遥测部门的旅行护士Nick Germinario说，男性员工对病人和同事都有好处。例如，男性患者可能更愿意让男性临床医生执行某些程序。
而且，当你要抬重病人的时候，一个强壮的男性同事可以派上用场。“今天的社会似乎开始更加重视护理，” Germinario说。“我很高兴看到这一点，因为我喜欢做一名护士。”
4
Travel nurses hit the ground running.
旅行护士开始热门起来
Tracia Hayes, a travel nurse with travel nursing company Medical Solutions, adapts quickly. Currently based in Ventura, California, and working in labor and delivery, she does short-term stints with short-staffed hospitals. Whereas a permanent nurse hire may receive several weeks of hospital orientation,
Hayes says, that's not the case for travel nurses: "Most people don't know we have four or five days of orientation to function independently," she says. Hayes enjoys the challenge, though, and the overall variety nursing offers, whether it's working in the hospital or community, traveling to new places or teaching upcoming students.
旅行护理公司Medical Solutions的旅行护士Tracia Hayes很快适应了这份工作。她目前在加州文图拉(Ventura)工作，从事产科方面的工作。Hayes说，一名长期聘用的护士可能会接受几周的医院培训，但旅行护士并没有。
“大多数人都不知道我们只有四到五天的培训时间来适应新环境独立工作，”。尽管如此，Hayes很享受这个挑战，而且护理工作的多样性，无论是在医院还是社区工作，去新的地方还是教即将到来的学生。
5
Home is where the nurse is.
家是有护士的地方
Home care management helps fill a growing U.S. demographic void: older parents in their 80s who want to stay at home – but their children live far away.
Nurses accompany seniors to doctor office visits, keep their medications straight and coordinate local services – to help them live independently and safely.
家庭护理管理有助于填补美国日益增长的人口空白:80多岁的高龄父母希望呆在家里，但他们的孩子住得很远。护士陪同老年人去看医生，保持他们的药物治疗直线和协调当地服务-帮助他们独立和安全生活。
Nurse practitioner Kathy Berra wears many hats. She's done extensive research on cardiovascular disease at the Stanford University School of Medicine, and serves on the board of the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association. And as co-directors of the LifeCare Company in Menlo Park, she and registered nurse Nancy Houston Miller see patients on their own turf – at home.
Kathy Berra身兼数职。她在斯坦福大学医学院(Stanford University School of Medicine)对心血管疾病进行了广泛的研究，并在预防心血管护士协会(Preventive cardiovascular Nurses Association)的董事会任职。
作为门洛帕克LifeCare Company的联合董事，她和注册护士Nancy Houston Miller在自己的地盘上看望病人。
6
Nurses look different these days.
如今护士不一样了
The face of the nursing profession is changing, Berra says, representing men and women, people of all races and ethnicities and a wider age span: "We are working well beyond our 50s – some are still working in their late 70s."
Berra说，护理职业的面貌正在发生变化，男性和女性、所有种族和民族以及更广泛的年龄跨度。Berra说:“我们50多岁还在工作，有些人甚至到了70多岁还在工作。”
While her parents' generation expects nurses to wear white dresses and caps, Arzouman notes, that's rarely the case. Scrubs are practical, easy to wash and come in kid-friendly prints for pediatric nurses.
Comfortable footwear, such as clogs or athletic shoes, is a must for striding through 12-hour shifts.
Arzouman指出，虽然她父母那一代人希望护士们穿白色的裙子，戴白色的帽子，但现在很少是这样的。消毒液很实用，易于清洗，适应于儿童。舒适的鞋子，如木屐或运动鞋，是工作12小时的必需品。
7
Hospitals can be hazardous.
医院可能很危险
Nurses are on the front lines of patient care. They see patients with highly infectious conditions before they're placed in isolation. Needle sticks, chemical exposures and body fluid splashes are on-the-job hazards.
护士站在病人护理的第一线。一些有传染病的病人在他们被隔离前护士就要接触他们。被针刺、接触化学物质和体液飞溅都是工作中的危险因素。
Sometimes, patients are violent. "There are some patients – both male and female – that get physical with nurses whether it be due to confusion, psychiatric disorders" or other causes, Germinario says. He's had to intervene with patients trying to strike colleagues.
A study of more than 7,000 emergency room nurses found 12 percent experienced physical violence within a seven-day work period, according to the Emergency Nurses Association.
有时，病人很暴力。“有一些病人——包括男性和女性——与护士进行身体接触，无论是由于困惑、精神障碍还是其他原因，” Germinario说。他不得不干预那些试图殴打同事的病人。据急诊护士协会称，一项针对7000多名急诊室护士的研究发现，12%的人在7天的工作时间内遭受过身体暴力。
8
Nurses flock to many arenas.
护士可以面向很多领域
Unexpected roles can attract nurses, says Carole Eldridge, a doctorate-level nurse practitioner and senior director of post-licensure programs at Chamberlain College of Nursing in Addison, Illinois. Inventive nurses create virtual health care environments like Second Life to practice and teach response scenarios, she says. They devise health care games and apps. Nurses work for government agencies and lobby for policy changes. They crop up in arenas from transplant to hospice to lactation counseling to the military. "The list is so long," Eldridge says. "I've done a lot of these things myself at some point in my 42 years of nursing."
伊利诺伊州阿狄森市张伯伦护理学院(Chamberlain College of Nursing)博士级执业护士、后续教育项目高级主管，Carole Eldridge说，意想不到的职位吸引护士。她说，富有创造力的护士创造了虚拟的医疗保健环境，比如“第二人生”(Second Life)，来练习和教授应对情景。
他们设计医疗游戏和应用程序。护士为政府机构工作，并为政策改革游说。他们出现在从移植到临终关怀，再到军队哺乳咨询的各个领域。“名单太长了，” Eldridge说。“在我42年的护理生涯中，我自己也做过很多这样的事情。”
9
Tech savvy is mandatory.
必须精通技术
ICU respirators. Intra-aortic balloon pumps for heart patients. Chemotherapy, transfusions and research drugs. Hemodialysis machines for kidney patients. "Nurses perform an endless array of challenging health care procedures that require technical and technological expertise," Eldridge says.
ICU呼吸机。心脏病人主动脉内球囊泵。化疗，输血和研究药物。肾透析机。Eldridge说:“护士要执行一系列具有挑战性的医疗程序，这需要技术和专业知识。
Travel nurse Hayes agrees. "We have become more jacks-of-all-trades," she says, with nurses troubleshooting complex medical equipment at the bedside. Computer issues? If it's 3 a.m. on night shift, you're your own IT expert.
旅行护士Hayes表示同意。她说:“我们变得更加全能。”护士们在床边为复杂的医疗设备排除故障。电脑问题吗?如果是凌晨3点上夜班，你就是自己的IT专家。
10
Nurses keep their cool.
护士保持冷静
When patients suffer setbacks, nurses may feel upset but not show it – time to regroup is a luxury they don't have. "If we're not crying with you, it doesn't mean we don't care," says Kati Kleber, a critical care nurse and author-blogger in Charlotte, North Carolina. With multiple patients, she says, nurses may set emotional boundaries to keep on functioning.
当病人遭受挫折时，护士可能会感到沮丧，但不会表现出来——恢复情绪的时间是他们没有的奢侈品。“如果我们没有和你一起哭，那并不意味着我们不在乎，” Kati Kleber说。她说，对于多名病人，护士可能会设定情感界限，以保持正常工作。
"I know if I get real emotional with one patient, I need some time recovery time to go into another patient's room," Kleber says. "If my other patient is unstable, that's not realistic to adequately care for both."
Kleber说:“我知道，如果我对一个病人产生真正的感情，我需要一些时间来恢复，然后再去另一个病人的房间。”“如果我的另一个病人不稳定，那就不现实了，不可能同时照顾好这两个病人。”
11
Even nurses have limits.
护士也有极限
It could be the unflappable ER nurse who calmly juggles three new patients with acute chest pains, narcotic overdose and profuse bleeding – but inwardly quails when a tiny sick newborn needs an IV line started. Or the experienced medical-surgical nurse who can't abide one specific odor.
可能是那个镇定自若的急诊室护士，她平静地应付着三个患有急性胸痛、麻醉药物过量和大量出血的新病人，但当一个生病的新生儿需要静脉注射时，她的内心却在颤抖。或者是经验丰富的外科护士，她无法忍受某种特定的气味。
"For some nurses, it's vomit; for others, sputum; for some, it's postmortem care," Kleber says. "Every nurse has that one thing we can't deal with. We rely on our co-workers to help us out when we are faced with a situation that we can't stomach."
“对一些护士来说，可能是呕吐;对另一些人来说,可能是痰; 对一些人来说，可能是临终关怀。“每个护士都有一件事无法处理。当我们面临无法忍受的情况时，我们会依赖同事的帮助。”
12
'Nurse Jackie' is not a role model.
'Nurse Jackie' 不是一个角色模型
Like many nurses, Geneviève Clavreul – a retired director of nursing, health care management consultant and writer – takes issue with how the profession is portrayed on TV. There was "House," for instance – the hospital series where nurses barely existed. Now there's "Nurse Jackie," which Clavreul calls a guilty pleasure. The lead character played by Edie Falco is outspoken and compelling. But she's also a morally challenged, prescription drug abuser who's not above diverting patients' narcotics for her own use.
和许多护士一样，退休的护理主任、健康护理管理顾问和作家Geneviève Clavreul对电视上如何描述这个职业提出了异议。例如，《豪斯医生》——护士几乎不存在的医院系列。现在有了“Nurse Jackie”， Clavreul称其为一种罪恶的快感。Edie Falco饰演的主角直言不讳，引人注目。
但她同时也是一个有道德缺陷的处方药滥用者，她并不会为了自己的使用而转移病人的麻醉剂。
Even when TV shows do put nurses in a positive light – as hardworking and compassionate – they may fail to capture their subtle attributes, such as decisiveness and critical thinking skills.
即使电视节目确实把护士放在一个积极的方面，如勤奋和富有同情心，他们可能无法捕捉到他们的微妙属性，如果断和批判性思维技能。
13
Bedside nursing is tough work.
床边护理是一项艰苦的工作
More than 52 percent of nurses experience chronic back pain, according to the American Nurses Association. It's not hard to understand why. Nurses routinely transfer weak or immobile patients from bed to stretcher or wheelchair to bathroom.A 125-pound nurse may be moving patients three times her size. While nurses are trained in body mechanics, that's not enough to prevent injuries, according to the ANA. And with obesity on the rise, larger patients add to the physical strain on health care workers.
根据美国护士协会的数据，超过52%的护士有慢性背痛的经历。原因不难理解。护士定期将虚弱或不能活动的病人从床上转移到担架或轮椅上，再转移到卫生间。一个125磅重的护士可能要搬动比她大三倍的病人。
美国护士协会表示，虽然护士接受过身体力学训练，但这不足以防止受伤。随着肥胖人数的增加，体型较大的病人增加了医护人员的身体负担。
14
Patients come first.
病人是第一位的
"If I haven't eaten in six hours and you need pain medication, I will get [that] for you before I nourish myself," Kleber says. If a patient puts on a call light to be taken to the bathroom, she says, that trumps the nurse's own need for a break, no matter how many hours it's been: "We will always put your needs first."
Kleber说:“如果我已经6个小时没吃东西了，而你需要止痛药，我会先给病人止痛药然后自己再吃东西。”她说，如果病人打开呼叫灯要上厕所，这比护士自己的休息需求更重要，不管已经工作了多少个小时:“我们总是把你的需求放在首位。”
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