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ESP8266 + MQTT :如何实现 LED 灯的远程控制

ESP8266 + MQTT :如何实现 LED 灯的远程控制

作者: EMQ | 来源:发表于2021-01-16 17:16 被阅读0次

    MQTT 是轻量级的、灵活的物联网消息交换和数据传递协议,致力于为 IoT 开发人员实现灵活性与硬件/网络资源的平衡。

    NodeMCU 是一个开源的物联网平台。它使用 Lua 语言编程。该平台基于eLua开源项目,底层使用ESP8266 sdk 0.9.5版本。

    在此项目中我们将实现 NodeMCU(ESP8266) 与 EMQ X Cloud 运营和维护的免费公共 MQTT 服务器远程控制 LED 灯,并使用 Arduino IDE 来对 NodeMCU ESP8266 进行编程。 EMQ X Cloud 是由 EMQ 推出的安全的 MQTT 物联网云服务平台,它提供一站式运维代管、独有隔离环境的 MQTT 5.0 接入服务。

    所需组件

    • NodeMCU
    • Arduino IDE
    • LED * 1,330 Ω 电阻
    • MQTT X: 优雅的跨平台 MQTT 5.0 客户端工具
    • 免费的公共 MQTT 服务器
      • Broker: broker.emqx.io
      • TCP Port: 1883
      • Websocket Port: 8083

    NodeMCU ESP8266 和 LED 连接图

    project

    代码编写

    1. 首先我们将导入 ESP8266WiFiPubSubClient 库,ESP8266WiFi 库能够将 ESP8266 连接到 WiFi 网络,PubSubClient 库,使我们能够连接到 MQTT 代理并发布/订阅主题消息。

      #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
      #include <PubSubClient.h>
      
    2. 我们将使用 NodeMCU ESP8266 的 D1 引脚来连接到 LED,实际上该引脚内部连接到 ESP8266 模块的 GPIO5

      // GPIO 5 D1
      #define LED 5
      
    3. 设置 WIFI 名称和密码,以及 MQTT Broker 连接地址和端口

      // WiFi
      const char *ssid = "mousse"; // Enter your WiFi name
      const char *password = "qweqweqwe";  // Enter WiFi password
       
      // MQTT Broker
      const char *mqtt_broker = "broker.emqx.io";
      const char *topic = "esp8266/led";
      const char *mqtt_username = "emqx";
      const char *mqtt_password = "public";
      const int mqtt_port = 1883;
      
    4. 我们打开了一个串行连接,以便于输出程序的结果并且连接到WiFi网络

      // Set software serial baud to 115200;
      Serial.begin(115200);
      // connecting to a WiFi network
      WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
      while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
          delay(500);
          Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi..");
      }
      
    5. 我们将设置 MQTT Broker,同时将连接信息打印到串口监视器上

       //connecting to a mqtt broker
      client.setServer(mqtt_broker, mqtt_port);
      client.setCallback(callback);
      while (!client.connected()) {
          String client_id = "esp8266-client-";
          client_id += String(WiFi.macAddress());
          Serial.println("Connecting to public emqx mqtt broker.....");
          if (client.connect(client_id, mqtt_username, mqtt_password)) {
              Serial.println("Public emqx mqtt broker connected");
          } else {
              Serial.print("failed with state ");
              Serial.print(client.state());
              delay(2000);
          }
      }
      
    6. MQTT Broker 连接成功后,ESP8266 将向 MQTT Broker 发布和订阅消息

      // publish and subscribe
      client.publish(topic, "hello emqx");
      client.subscribe(topic);
      
    7. 编写回调函数,从串行监视器读取下发指令并且控制 LED 的开和关

      void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length) {
          Serial.print("Message arrived in topic: ");
          Serial.println(topic);
          Serial.print("Message:");
          String message;
          for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
              message = message + (char) payload[i];  // convert *byte to string
          }
          Serial.print(message);
          if (message == "on") { digitalWrite(LED, LOW); }   // LED on
          if (message == "off") { digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); } // LED off
          Serial.println();
          Serial.println("-----------------------");
      }
      
    8. 完整代码

      #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
      #include <PubSubClient.h>
      
      // GPIO 5 D1
      #define LED 5
      
      // WiFi
      const char *ssid = "mousse"; // Enter your WiFi name
      const char *password = "qweqweqwe";  // Enter WiFi password
      
      // MQTT Broker
      const char *mqtt_broker = "broker.emqx.io";
      const char *topic = "esp8266/led";
      const char *mqtt_username = "emqx";
      const char *mqtt_password = "public";
      const int mqtt_port = 1883;
      
      WiFiClient espClient;
      PubSubClient client(espClient);
      
      void setup() {
          // Set software serial baud to 115200;
          Serial.begin(115200);
          // connecting to a WiFi network
          WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
          while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
              delay(500);
              Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi..");
          }
          Serial.println("Connected to the WiFi network");
          //connecting to a mqtt broker
          client.setServer(mqtt_broker, mqtt_port);
          client.setCallback(callback);
          while (!client.connected()) {
              String client_id = "esp8266-client-";
              client_id += String(WiFi.macAddress());
              Serial.println("Connecting to public emqx mqtt broker.....");
              if (client.connect(client_id, mqtt_username, mqtt_password)) {
                  Serial.println("Public emqx mqtt broker connected");
              } else {
                  Serial.print("failed with state ");
                  Serial.print(client.state());
                  delay(2000);
              }
          }
          // publish and subscribe
          client.publish(topic, "hello emqx");
          client.subscribe(topic);
      }
      
      void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length) {
          Serial.print("Message arrived in topic: ");
          Serial.println(topic);
          Serial.print("Message:");
          String message;
          for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
              message = message + (char) payload[i];  // convert *byte to string
          }
          Serial.print(message);
          if (message == "on") { digitalWrite(LED, LOW); }   // LED on
          if (message == "off") { digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); } // LED off
          Serial.println();
          Serial.println("-----------------------");
      }
      
      void loop() {
          client.loop();
      }
      

    连接和测试

    1. 请使用 Arduino IDE 将完整代码上传 ESP8266,并打开串口监视器

      esp_con
    2. 建立 MQTTX 客户端 与 MQTT Broker 连接, 并向 ESP8266 发送指令

      esp_con

    总结

    至此,我们成功实现 NodeMCU ESP8266 与免费公共 MQTT 服务器远程控制 LED 灯,该例子只是描述了一个简单的场景,在实际的项目中,需要更加安全的连接方式,以及对物联网数据进行持久化等功能。

    更多物联网开发及 ESP8266 相关文章,敬请关注后续推送。

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