[TOC]
情态动词
- 情态动词多体现说话者的语气。
- 形式:情态动词 + 动词原形
常见情态动词
can, could, may, might, must, have to, need, should, ought to
表可能
might < may < could < can < should < must
表许可
might < may < could < can
表义务
should < must
That might be Tom. 那人也许是汤姆。
That must Tom. 那人一定是汤姆。
That is Tom. 那人是汤姆。
can/could
- 表能力,可译为“能够”,等价于
be able to
。 - 表可能,可译为“可能”。
- 表许可,可译为“可以”。
I can do it.
She could do it when she was five years old.
It can't be true.
The book could be John's.
Can/Could I use your phone?
may/might
- 表可能,可译为“可能”。
- 表许可,可译为“可以”。
- 否定回答时,不能用
may not
,只能用mustn't
或you'd better not
。
It may/might be true.
May/Might I use your phone?
- May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
- Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。
- No, you mustn't / you'd better not. 不,你一定别/你最好不要。
should
- 表义务,可译为“应该”。
- 表可能,可译为“可能,应该”。
You should help her.
The film should be very good.
will/wuold
表“将”。
Will you lend me your car? 你将把你的车借给我吗?
He will pick you up tomorrow morning. 她明早将要去接你。
I will help you if I'm free this afternoon. 如果我下午有空,我将帮助你。
If my brother will play this toy, I will give it to him. 如果我弟弟将要玩这个玩具,我就会把它给他。
must
- 表义务,可译为“必须”。
- 表可能,可译为“可能,一定”。
- 否定回答时,
mustn't
是“不准,禁止的”,应该使用needn't
或don't have to
。
have to
也表示必须,倾向于客观原因。
You must finish it tonight.
It must be John's book.
- Must Lucy finish her work today? 今天露西必须完成她的工作吗?
- Yes, she must. 是的
- No, she needn't / don't have to. 不,他不需要/不需要。
need
表“需要,必须”。
肯定回答must
,否定回答need not
或don't have to
。
- Need I stay here any longer? 我还需要待在这里吗?
- Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。
- No, you needn't/don't have to. 不,你不需要。
Your parents needn't be worried. 你的父母不需要担心。
Jack need have finished the task by himself. 杰克本来需要自己完成这个任务的。
Lucy don't need to wait for me this night. 露西今晚不需要等我。
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