[Python]f字符串

• f是格式化字符串，是python3.6以后引进的一个新的特性。一个用法是:

rules = {f"<oov-{i}>": "UNK" for i in range(10)}

• 感觉可以代替.format了

f"evaluation/hyps/{name}_{checkpoint}_preds.txt"

• f-string用大括号 {}表示被替换字段，其中直接填入替换内容：

>>> name = 'Eric'
>>> f'Hello, my name is {name}'
'Hello, my name is Eric'

>>> number = 7
>>> f'My lucky number is {number}'
'My lucky number is 7'

>>> price = 19.99
>>> f'The price of this book is {price}'
'The price of this book is 19.99'

• f-string的大括号 {} 可以填入表达式或调用函数，Python会求出其结果并填入返回的字符串内。

>>> f'A total number of {24 * 8 + 4}'
'A total number of 196'

>>> f'Complex number {(2 + 2j) / (2 - 3j)}'
'Complex number (-0.15384615384615388+0.7692307692307692j)'

>>> name = 'ERIC'
>>> f'My name is {name.lower()}'
'My name is eric'

>>> import math
>>> f'The answer is {math.log(math.pi)}'
'The answer is 1.1447298858494002'

• 控制精度

>>> a = 123.456
>>> f'a is {a:8.2f}'
'a is   123.46'
>>> f'a is {a:08.2f}'
'a is 00123.46'
>>> f'a is {a:8.2e}'
'a is 1.23e+02'
>>> f'a is {a:8.2%}'
'a is 12345.60%'
>>> f'a is {a:8.2g}'
'a is  1.2e+02'

>>> s = 'hello'
>>> f's is {s:8s}'
's is hello   '
>>> f's is {s:8.3s}'
's is hel     '