一、概述
Groovy is a multi-faceted language for the Java platform.
Apache Groovy是一种强大的、可选的类型化和动态语言,具有静态类型和静态编译功能,用于Java平台,目的在于通过简洁、熟悉和易于学习的语法提高开发人员的工作效率。它可以与任何Java程序顺利集成,并立即向您的应用程序提供强大的功能,包括脚本编写功能、特定于域的语言编写、运行时和编译时元编程以及函数式编程。
Groovy是基于java虚拟机的,执行文件可以是简单的脚本片段,也可以是一个完整的groovy class,对于java程序员来说,学习成本低,可以完全用java语法编写。
二、java项目执行groovy必要环境
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
<artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
<version>2.4.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.kohsuke</groupId>
<artifactId>groovy-sandbox</artifactId>
<version>1.7</version>
</dependency>
三、java项目执行groovy方式
3.1 ScriptEngineManager
groovy遵循JSR 223标准,可以使用jdk的标准接口ScriptEngineManager调用。
@org.junit.Test
public void scriptEngineManager() throws ScriptException, NoSuchMethodException {
ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
// 每次生成一个engine实例
ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("groovy");
System.**out**.println(engine.toString());
// javax.script.Bindings
Bindings binding = engine.createBindings();
binding.put("date", new Date());
// 如果script文本来自文件,请首先获取文件内容
engine.eval("def getTime(){return date.getTime();}", binding);
engine.eval("def sayHello(name,age){return 'Hello,I am ' + name + ',age' + age;}");
Long time = (Long) ((Invocable) engine).invokeFunction("getTime", null);// 反射到方法
System.**out**.println(time);
String message = (String) ((Invocable) engine).invokeFunction("sayHello", "zhangsan", 12);
System.**out**.println(message);
}
((Invocable) engine).invokeFunction(方法名,…参数)
3.2 GroovyShell
直接使用GroovyShell,执行groovy脚本片段,GroovyShell每一次执行时代码时会动态将代码编译成java class,然后生成java对象在java虚拟机上执行,所以如果使用GroovyShell会造成class太多,性能较差。
@org.junit.Test
public void testGroovyShell() {
final String script = "Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()";
Binding intBinding = new Binding();
GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(intBinding);
final Object eval = shell.evaluate(script);
System.**out**.println(eval);
}
3.3 GroovyClassLoader
groovy官方提供GroovyClassLoader从文件,url或字符串中加载解析Groovy class
@org.junit.Test
public void testGroovyClassLoader() throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
GroovyClassLoader groovyClassLoader = new GroovyClassLoader();
String hello = "package com.szwn.util" +
"class GroovyHello {" +
"String sayHello(String name) {" +
"print 'GroovyHello call'" +
"name" +
"}" +
"}";
Class aClass = groovyClassLoader.parseClass(hello);
GroovyObject object = (GroovyObject) aClass.newInstance();
Object o = object.invokeMethod("sayHello", "zhangsan");
System.out.println(o.toString());
}
3.4 GroovyScriptEngine
GroovyScriptEngine可以从url(文件夹,远程协议地址,jar包)等位置动态加装resource(script或则Class),同时对
编译后的class字节码进行了缓存,当文件内容更新或者文件依赖的类更新时,会自动更新缓存。
@org.junit.Test
public void testGroovyScriptEngine() throws IOException, ResourceException, groovy.util.ScriptException {
String url = "...(文件地址)";
GroovyScriptEngine engine = new GroovyScriptEngine(url);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
Binding binding = new Binding();
binding.setVariable("index", i);
// 每一次执行获取缓存Class,创建新的Script对象
Object run = engine.run("HelloWorld.groovy", binding);
System.out.println(run);
}
}
四、安全
4.1 SecureASTCustomizer
Groovy会自动引入java.util,java.lang包,方便用户调用,但同时也增加了系统的风险。为了防止用户调用System.exit或Runtime等方法导致系统宕机,以及自定义的groovy片段代码执行死循环或调用资源超时等问题,Groovy提供了SecureASTCustomizer安全管理者和SandboxTransformer沙盒环境。
@org.junit.Test
public void testAST() {
final String script = "import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;JSONObject object = new JSONObject()";
// 创建SecureASTCustomizer
final SecureASTCustomizer secure = new SecureASTCustomizer();
// 禁止使用闭包
secure.setClosuresAllowed(true);
List<Integer> tokensBlacklist = new ArrayList<>();
// 添加关键字黑名单 while和goto
tokensBlacklist.add(Types.**KEYWORD_WHILE**);
tokensBlacklist.add(Types.**KEYWORD_GOTO**);
secure.setTokensBlacklist(tokensBlacklist);
// 设置直接导入检查
secure.setIndirectImportCheckEnabled(true);
// 添加导入黑名单,用户不能导入JSONObject
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject");
secure.setImportsBlacklist(list);
// statement 黑名单,不能使用while循环块
List<Class<? extends Statement>> statementBlacklist = new ArrayList<>();
statementBlacklist.add(WhileStatement.class);
secure.setStatementsBlacklist(statementBlacklist);
// 自定义CompilerConfiguration,设置AST
final CompilerConfiguration config = new CompilerConfiguration();
config.addCompilationCustomizers(secure);
Binding intBinding = new Binding();
GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(intBinding, config);
final Object eval = shell.evaluate(script);
System.out.println(eval);
}
SecureASTCustomizer :属性
tokensBlacklist 关键字黑名单
ImportsBlacklist 导入黑名单
statementBlacklist statement 黑名单
如果代码块中出现黑名单限制的内容,则会抛出异常
4.2 SandboxTransformer
用户调用System.exit或调用Runtime的所有静态方法都会抛出SecurityException
@org.junit.Test
public void testGroovySandbox() {
// 自定义配置
CompilerConfiguration config = new CompilerConfiguration();
// 添加线程中断拦截器,可拦截循环体(for,while)、方法和闭包的首指令
config.addCompilationCustomizers(new ASTTransformationCustomizer(ThreadInterrupt.class));
// 添加线程中断拦截器,可中断超时线程,当前定义超时时间为3s
Map<String, Object> timeoutArgs = new HashMap<>();
timeoutArgs.put("value", 3);
config.addCompilationCustomizers(new ASTTransformationCustomizer(timeoutArgs, TimedInterrupt.class));
// 沙盒环境
config.addCompilationCustomizers(new SandboxTransformer());
GroovyShell sh = new GroovyShell(config);
// 注册至当前线程
new NoSystemExitSandbox().register();
new NoRunTimeSandbox().register();
// 确保在每次更新缓存Class<Script>对象时候,采用不同的groovyClassLoader
Script groovyScript = sh.parse("System.exit(1)");
Object run = groovyScript.run();
System.**out**.println(run);
}
class NoSystemExitSandbox extends GroovyInterceptor {
@Override
public Object onStaticCall(GroovyInterceptor.Invoker invoker, Class receiver, String method, Object... args) throws Throwable {
if (receiver == System.class && method.equals("exit")) {
throw new SecurityException("No call on System.exit() please");
}
return super.onStaticCall(invoker, receiver, method, args);
}
}
class NoRunTimeSandbox extends GroovyInterceptor {
@Override
public Object onStaticCall(GroovyInterceptor.Invoker invoker, Class receiver, String method, Object... args) throws Throwable {
if (receiver == Runtime.class) {
throw new SecurityException("No call on RunTime please");
}
return super.onStaticCall(invoker, receiver, method, args);
}
}
五、groovy代码块调用java代码注意事项
5.1 java代码行/代码块
Java代码可以直接放在groovy方法体/代码块中运行
def hello = {name ->
System.out.println(name)
}
等同于
def helli = {name ->
println(name)
}
5.2 获取java对象
5.2.1 new
直接通过new 来获取
def newJavaObject(){
DpDeptCopyInfo deptCopyInfo = new DpDeptCopyInfo();
println(deptCopyInfo)
}
newJavaObject();
5.2.2 spring bean
不能使用@Autowired(autowired是在spring启动后注入的,此时还未加载groovy代码,故无法注入)
建议实现ApplicationContextAware接口的工具(组件)来获取spring bean
@Component
public final class SpringUtils implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor
{
/** Spring应用上下文环境 \*/
private static ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException
{
SpringUtils.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T getBean(String name) throws BeansException
{
return (T) beanFactory.getBean(name);
}
public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> clz) throws BeansException
{
T result = (T) beanFactory.getBean(clz);
return result;
}
}
例:
被调用的groovy代码
def springTransfer = {name ->
println("==============================开始groovy====================================")
QueryDataDaoService daoService = SpringUtils.getBean(QueryDataDaoService.class);
println("对象:" + daoService)
println("==============================结束groovy====================================")
println("==============================返回传入参数====================================")
return name
}
springTransfer(name)
Java代码:
@Test
public void testGroovySpringTransfer() throws IOException, ResourceException, ScriptException {
//获取 groovy脚本文件的绝对路径
String filePath = "文件路径";
GroovyScriptEngine engine = new GroovyScriptEngine(filePath);
//执行获取缓存Class,创建新的Script对象
Object run = engine.run("SpringTransfer.groovy", "ladq");
System.out.println("执行groovy结果:" + run);
}
执行结果:
结尾
本文到这里就结束了,感谢看到最后的朋友,喜欢的话记得点个赞加关注哦。
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