ios实现颜色渐变的几种方法
来源：小超飞鱼的简书
demo地址：https://github.com/xiaochaofeiyu/YSCAnimation
1. CAGradientLayer实现渐变
CAGradientLayer是CALayer的一个特殊子类，用于生成颜色渐变的图层，使用较为方便，下面介绍下它的相关属性：
colors 渐变的颜色
locations 渐变颜色的分割点
startPoint&endPoint 颜色渐变的方向，范围在(0,0)与(1.0,1.0)之间，如(0,0)(1.0,0)代表水平方向渐变,(0,0)(0,1.0)代表竖直方向渐变
CAGradientLayer *gradientLayer = [CAGradientLayer layer];
gradientLayer.colors = @[(__bridge id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor, (__bridge id)[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor, (__bridge id)[UIColor blueColor].CGColor];
gradientLayer.locations = @[@0.3, @0.5, @1.0];
gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0);
gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPointMake(1.0, 0);
gradientLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 100);
[self.view.layer addSublayer:gradientLayer];
CAGradientLayer实现渐变标间简单直观，但存在一定的局限性，比如无法自定义整个渐变区域的形状，如环形、曲线形的渐变。
2. Core Graphics相关方法实现渐变
iOS Core Graphics中有两个方法用于绘制渐变颜色，CGContextDrawLinearGradient可以用于生成线性渐变，CGContextDrawRadialGradient用于生成圆半径方向颜色渐变。函数可以自定义path，无论是什么形状都可以，原理都是用来做Clip，所以需要在CGContextClip函数前调用CGContextAddPath函数把CGPathRef加入到Context中。
另外一个需要注意的地方是渐变的方向，方向是由两个点控制的，点的单位就是坐标。因此需要正确从CGPathRef中找到正确的点，方法当然有很多种看具体实现，本例中，我就是简单得通过调用CGPathGetBoundingBox函数，返回CGPathRef的矩形区域，然后根据这个矩形取两个点，读者可以根据自行需求修改具体代码。
1-> 线性渐变
- (void)drawLinearGradient:(CGContextRef)context
path:(CGPathRef)path
startColor:(CGColorRef)startColor
endColor:(CGColorRef)endColor
{
CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
CGFloat locations[] = { 0.0, 1.0 };
NSArray *colors = @[(__bridge id) startColor, (__bridge id) endColor];
CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorSpace, (__bridge CFArrayRef) colors, locations);
CGRect pathRect = CGPathGetBoundingBox(path);
//具体方向可根据需求修改
CGPoint startPoint = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMinX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect));
CGPoint endPoint = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMaxX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect));
CGContextSaveGState(context);
CGContextAddPath(context, path);
CGContextClip(context);
CGContextDrawLinearGradient(context, gradient, startPoint, endPoint, 0);
CGContextRestoreGState(context);
CGGradientRelease(gradient);
CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
//创建CGContextRef
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(self.view.bounds.size);
CGContextRef gc = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
//创建CGMutablePathRef
CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();
//绘制Path
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 200);
CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMinX(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect));
CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMidX(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));
CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));
CGPathCloseSubpath(path);
//绘制渐变
[self drawLinearGradient:gc path:path startColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor endColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor];
//注意释放CGMutablePathRef
CGPathRelease(path);
//从Context中获取图像，并显示在界面上
UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
UIImageView *imgView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];
[self.view addSubview:imgView];
}
2-> 圆半径方向渐变
- (void)drawRadialGradient:(CGContextRef)context
path:(CGPathRef)path
startColor:(CGColorRef)startColor
endColor:(CGColorRef)endColor
{
CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
CGFloat locations[] = { 0.0, 1.0 };
NSArray *colors = @[(__bridge id) startColor, (__bridge id) endColor];
CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorSpace, (__bridge CFArrayRef) colors, locations);
CGRect pathRect = CGPathGetBoundingBox(path);
CGPoint center = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect));
CGFloat radius = MAX(pathRect.size.width / 2.0, pathRect.size.height / 2.0) * sqrt(2);
CGContextSaveGState(context);
CGContextAddPath(context, path);
CGContextEOClip(context);
CGContextDrawRadialGradient(context, gradient, center, 0, center, radius, 0);
CGContextRestoreGState(context);
CGGradientRelease(gradient);
CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
//创建CGContextRef
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(self.view.bounds.size);
CGContextRef gc = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
//创建CGMutablePathRef
CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();
//绘制Path
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 200);
CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMinX(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect));
CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMidX(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));
CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));
CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect));
CGPathCloseSubpath(path);
//绘制渐变
[self drawRadialGradient:gc path:path startColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor endColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor];
//注意释放CGMutablePathRef
CGPathRelease(path);
//从Context中获取图像，并显示在界面上
UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
UIImageView *imgView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];
[self.view addSubview:imgView];
}
3. 以CAShapeLayer作为layer的mask属性
CALayer的mask属性可以作为遮罩让layer显示mask遮住(非透明)的部分；CAShapeLayer为CALayer的子类，通过path属性可以生成不同的形状，将CAShapeLayer对象用作layer的mask属性的话，就可以生成不同形状的图层。故生成颜色渐变有以下几个步骤：
生成一个imageView(也可以为layer)，image的属性为颜色渐变的图片
生成一个CAShapeLayer对象，根据path属性指定所需的形状
将CAShapeLayer对象赋值给imageView的mask属性
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
[self.view addSubview:self.firstCircle];
_firstCircle.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200);
_firstCircle.center = CGPointMake(CGRectGetWidth(self.view.bounds) / 2.0, CGRectGetHeight(self.view.bounds) / 2.0);
CGFloat firsCircleWidth = 5;
self.firstCircleShapeLayer = [self generateShapeLayerWithLineWidth:firsCircleWidth];
_firstCircleShapeLayer.path = [self generateBezierPathWithCenter:CGPointMake(100, 100) radius:100].CGPath;
_firstCircle.layer.mask = _firstCircleShapeLayer;
}
- (CAShapeLayer *)generateShapeLayerWithLineWidth:(CGFloat)lineWidth
{
CAShapeLayer *waveline = [CAShapeLayer layer];
waveline.lineCap = kCALineCapButt;
waveline.lineJoin = kCALineJoinRound;
waveline.strokeColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
waveline.fillColor = [[UIColor clearColor] CGColor];
waveline.lineWidth = lineWidth;
waveline.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
return waveline;
}
- (UIBezierPath *)generateBezierPathWithCenter:(CGPoint)center radius:(CGFloat)radius
{
UIBezierPath *circlePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithArcCenter:center radius:radius startAngle:0 endAngle:2*M_PI clockwise:NO];
return circlePath;
}
- (UIImageView *)firstCircle
{
if (!_firstCircle) {
self.firstCircle = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"circleBackground"]];
_firstCircle.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
_firstCircle.alpha = 1.0;
}
return _firstCircle;
}
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