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《第一行代码:Android》读书笔记——第5章 Broadca

《第一行代码:Android》读书笔记——第5章 Broadca

作者: m2fox | 来源:发表于2017-12-09 00:12 被阅读0次

    广播机制简介

    Android广播的分类:

    如图所示:


    发送和接收广播

    • 发送广播:使用Intent
    • 接收广播:Broadcast Receiver

    接收系统广播

    动态注册监听网络变化

    示例程序:

    • MainActivity(注:以下代码中的ToastUtil是自己简单封装的Toast显示功能的类):
    package com.example.broadcasttest;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.IntentFilter;
    import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
    import android.net.NetworkInfo;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.Menu;
    import android.view.MenuItem;
    
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
        private IntentFilter intentFilter;
        private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            // 1.创建IntentFilter实例
            intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
            // 2.用addAction方法添加action
            intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
    
            // 3.创建内部类NetworkChangeReceiver实例
            networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
            // 4.注册
            registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver, intentFilter);
        }
    
        class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                // 创建ConnectivityManager实例
                ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
                // 创建NetworkInfo对象(需要申请权限ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
                NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager
                        .getActiveNetworkInfo();
    
                // 判断NetworkInfo的状态,即网络是否可用
                if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()) {
                    ToastUtil.showShort(MainActivity.this, "网络可用!");
                } else {
                    ToastUtil.showShort(MainActivity.this, "网络不可用!");
                }
    
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
        }
    
    }
    
    • 申请权限
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
    
    • xml文件:不需要添加什么内容。

    静态注册实现开机启动

    动态注册的一个缺点就是,必须要在程序启动之后才能接收到广播,而静态注册就可以在程序还未启动时就能接收到广播,利用这一点就可以实现诸如开机启动程序的功能。

    示例程序:

    • 新建类BootCompleteReceiver继承自BroadcastReceiver(注:onReceive方法中红不能放过于耗时的逻辑,因为其中不允许使用线程):
    package com.example.broadcasttest;
    
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    
    public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ToastUtil.showShort(context, "BroadcastTest开机启动");
        }
    
    }
    
    • AndroidManifest.xml静态注册广播:
    <application
            android:allowBackup="true"
            android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
            ...
            <receiver android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver" >
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
                </intent-filter>
            </receiver>
        </application>
    
    • 申请权限:
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    

    发送自定义广播

    发送标准广播

    • BroadcastTest项目中:
      创建MyBroadcastReceiver
    public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ToastUtil.showShort(context, "在MyBroadcastReceiver中接收到了自定义广播!");
        }
    
    }
    

    AndroidManifest.xml中注册广播接收器:

    <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver" >
                 <intent-filter>
                     <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
                 </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
    

    activity_main.xml:

    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical" >
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/send_broadcast_btn"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="发送自定义广播" />
    
    </LinearLayout>
    

    MainActivity

    package com.example.broadcasttest;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.IntentFilter;
    import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
    import android.net.NetworkInfo;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.Menu;
    import android.view.MenuItem;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
    import android.widget.Button;
    
    public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
    
        private Button sendBroadcast;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            sendBroadcast = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_broadcast_btn);
            sendBroadcast.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.send_broadcast_btn:
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    • 创建BroadcastTest2项目,在其中:
      创建AnotherBroadcastReceiver
    public class AnotherBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ToastUtil.showShort(context, "在AnotherBroadcastReceiver中接收到了自定义广播!");
        }
    
    }
    

    AndroidManifest.xml中注册广播接收器:

    <receiver android:name=".AnotherBroadcastReceiver" >
                 <intent-filter>
                     <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
                 </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
    
    • 同时运行BroadcastTestBroadcastTest2程序,然后在BroadcastTest中点击“发送自定义广播”按钮,然后就会发现弹出两次Toast显示接收到了广播。

    发送有序广播

    在1中BroadcastTest项目的基础上,做以下修改即可(红色加下划线的代码为新增或修改的代码):

    • MainActivity中:
    @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.send_broadcast_btn:
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    
    • AndroidManifest.xml中:
    <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver" >
                 <intent-filter android:priority="100" >
                     <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
                 </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
    
    • MyBroadcastReceiver类中:
    public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ToastUtil.showShort(context, "在MyBroadcastReceiver中接收到了自定义广播!");
     abortBroadcast();
        }
    
    }
    
    • 再运行两个程序,点击发送广播按钮后,发现只看到了一个Toast提示,因为另一个广播接收被截断了。

    使用本地广播

    以上的广播都是全局广播,也就是任何应用程序都能接收到。而这会引发安全性问题,如果只希望在当前应用程序内部传递广播,就要使用本地广播了。
    本地广播的关键是使用LocalBroadcastManager来发送广播。示例程序:

    • xml文件:
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical" >
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/send_broadcast_btn"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="发送自定义广播" />
    
    </LinearLayout>
    
    • MainActivity
    package com.example.broadcasttest;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.IntentFilter;
    import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
    import android.net.NetworkInfo;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
    import android.view.Menu;
    import android.view.MenuItem;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
    import android.widget.Button;
    
    public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
    
        private Button sendBroadcast;
    
        private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    
        private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
        private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            // 1.获取localBroadcastManager实例
            localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
    
            sendBroadcast = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_broadcast_btn);
    
            // 2.在点击事件中用LocalBroadcastManager的sendBroadcast方法发送广播
            sendBroadcast.setOnClickListener(this);
    
            // 3.注册IntentFilter
            intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
            intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
            localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
            localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.send_broadcast_btn:
                Intent intent = new Intent(
                        "com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
        }
    }
    
    • 注册广播接收器:
    <receiver android:name=".LocalReceiver" >
                 <intent-filter>
                     <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST" />
                 </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
    
    • 这时如果也让另一个程序接收LOCAL_BROADCAST这个广播,会发现是接收不到的。

    • 本地广播的优点:
      (1)不用担心机密数据泄露。
      (2)其他程序无法将广播发送到我们程序的内容,不用担心安全漏洞的问题。
      (3)比全局广播更高效。

    最佳实践——实现强制下线功能

    在登录页面输入账号密码进入主界面后,点击强制下线按钮会弹出强制下线Dialog,并且该Dialog不能被取消,当用户点击确定后会发出强制下线广播,再次跳转到登录界面。

    • login.xml文件:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <TableLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:stretchColumns="1" >
    
        <TableRow>
    
            <TextView
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="用户名:" />
    
            <EditText
                android:id="@+id/user_name_et"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:hint="请输入用户名" />
        </TableRow>
    
        <TableRow>
    
            <TextView
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="密码:" />
    
            <EditText
                android:id="@+id/password_et"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
            </EditText>
        </TableRow>
    
        <TableRow>
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/login_bt"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_span="2"
                android:text="登录" />
        </TableRow>
    
    </TableLayout>
    
    • ActivityCollector类:
    public class ActivityCollector {
        public static List<Activity> activities = new ArrayList<Activity>();
    
        public static void addActivity(Activity activity) {
            activities.add(activity);
        }
    
        public static void removeActivity(Activity activity) {
            activities.remove(activity);
        }
    
        public static void finishAll() {
            for (Activity activity : activities) {
                if (!activity.isFinishing()) {
                    activity.finish();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    • BaseActivity类:
    public class BaseActivity extends Activity {
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    
            ActivityCollector.addActivity(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this);
        }
    }
    
    • LoginActivity类:
    public class LoginActivity extends BaseActivity {
    
        private EditText userNameEt;
        private EditText passwordEt;
        private Button loginBt;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.login);
    
            userNameEt = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.user_name_et);
            passwordEt = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password_et);
            loginBt = (Button) findViewById(R.id.login_bt);
    
            loginBt.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
    
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    String userName = userNameEt.getText().toString();
                    String password = passwordEt.getText().toString();
    
                    // 如果用户名是admin且密码是123456,就认为登录成功
                    if (userName.equals("110") && password.equals("123456")) {
                        Intent intent = new Intent(LoginActivity.this,
                                MainActivity.class);
                        startActivity(intent);
                        finish();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this, "用户名或密码错误!",
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
    
    • activity_main.xml
    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
        android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
        tools:context="com.example.broadcastbestpractice.MainActivity" >
    
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="这里是主界面" />
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/force_offline_bt"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_margin="40dp"
            android:text="发送一个强制下线广播" />
    
    </RelativeLayout>
    
    • MainActivity类:
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            Button forceOfflineBt = (Button) findViewById(R.id.force_offline_bt);
            forceOfflineBt.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
    
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    Intent intent = new Intent(
                            "com.example.broadcastbestpractice.FORCE_OFFLINE");
                    sendBroadcast(intent);
                }
            });
        }
    
    }
    
    • ForceOfflineReceiver
    public class ForceOfflineReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    
        @Override
        public void onReceive(final Context context, Intent intent) {
            AlertDialog.Builder dialogBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
            dialogBuilder.setTitle("警告");
            dialogBuilder.setMessage("你将要被强制下线!请重新登录!");
            dialogBuilder.setCancelable(false);
            dialogBuilder.setPositiveButton("确定",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            ActivityCollector.finishAll();
                            Intent intent = new Intent(context, LoginActivity.class);
                            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
                            context.startActivity(intent);
                        }
                    });
    
            AlertDialog alertDialog = dialogBuilder.create();
            alertDialog.getWindow().setType(
                    WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT);
            alertDialog.show();
        }
    }
    
    • AndroidManifest.xml
    ...
         <activity
                android:name=".LoginActivity"
                android:label="@string/app_name" >
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
    
                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                </intent-filter>
            </activity>
            <activity android:name=".MainActivity" >
            </activity>
    
            <receiver
                android:name=".ForceOfflineReceiver"
                android:exported="false" >
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="com.example.broadcastbestpractice.FORCE_OFFLINE" />
                </intent-filter>
            </receiver>
    ...
    

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