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iOS objc_msgSend 慢速查找流程分析

iOS objc_msgSend 慢速查找流程分析

作者: 奉灬孝 | 来源:发表于2020-09-22 23:46 被阅读0次

    iOS objc_msgSend 流程 中我们讲到了, objc_msgSend 首先通过汇编快速查找方法缓存,如果找到,调用 TailCallCachedImp 直接将方法缓存起来然后进行调用就OK了,如果查找不到就跳到 CheckMiss ,然后走慢速查找流程。接下来我们一起分析一下 objc_msgSend 慢速查找流程。

    objc_msgSend 查找流程:

    • 获取传入对象所属的类。
    • 获取该类的方法缓存表。
    • 使用传入的选择子在缓存中查询。
    • 如果缓存中不存在,则开始慢速查找流程。
    • 跳转至 IMP 映射位置的方法。

    iOS objc_msgSend 流程 中我们分析过了,先通过 GetClassFromIsa_p16 获取到传入对象所属的类,然后通过 CacheLookup 在方法缓存表中查找,如果缓存命中走 CacheHit 方法,缓存没命中走 CheckMiss 方法。

    一、CheckMiss 方法

    .macro CheckMiss
        // miss if bucket->sel == 0
    .if $0 == GETIMP
        cbz p9, LGetImpMiss
    .elseif $0 == NORMAL //传进来的是NORMAL,所以走这里
        cbz p9, __objc_msgSend_uncached
    .elseif $0 == LOOKUP
        cbz p9, __objc_msgLookup_uncached
    .else
    .abort oops
    .endif
    .endmacro
    

    传进来的是NORMAL,所以会走到 __objc_msgSend_uncached 方法

    二、__objc_msgSend_uncached 方法

    STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached
    UNWIND __objc_msgSend_uncached, FrameWithNoSaves
    
    // THIS IS NOT A CALLABLE C FUNCTION
    // Out-of-band p16 is the class to search
    
    MethodTableLookup
    TailCallFunctionPointer x17
    
    END_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached
    

    紧接着又会来到 MethodTableLookup 方法

    三、MethodTableLookup 方法

    .macro MethodTableLookup
        
        // push frame
        SignLR
        stp fp, lr, [sp, #-16]!
        mov fp, sp
    
        // save parameter registers: x0..x8, q0..q7
        sub sp, sp, #(10*8 + 8*16)
        stp q0, q1, [sp, #(0*16)]
        stp q2, q3, [sp, #(2*16)]
        stp q4, q5, [sp, #(4*16)]
        stp q6, q7, [sp, #(6*16)]
        stp x0, x1, [sp, #(8*16+0*8)]
        stp x2, x3, [sp, #(8*16+2*8)]
        stp x4, x5, [sp, #(8*16+4*8)]
        stp x6, x7, [sp, #(8*16+6*8)]
        str x8,     [sp, #(8*16+8*8)]
    
        // lookUpImpOrForward(obj, sel, cls, LOOKUP_INITIALIZE | LOOKUP_RESOLVER)
        // receiver and selector already in x0 and x1
        mov x2, x16
        mov x3, #3
        bl  _lookUpImpOrForward
    
        // IMP in x0
        mov x17, x0
        
        // restore registers and return
        ldp q0, q1, [sp, #(0*16)]
        ldp q2, q3, [sp, #(2*16)]
        ldp q4, q5, [sp, #(4*16)]
        ldp q6, q7, [sp, #(6*16)]
        ldp x0, x1, [sp, #(8*16+0*8)]
        ldp x2, x3, [sp, #(8*16+2*8)]
        ldp x4, x5, [sp, #(8*16+4*8)]
        ldp x6, x7, [sp, #(8*16+6*8)]
        ldr x8,     [sp, #(8*16+8*8)]
    
        mov sp, fp
        ldp fp, lr, [sp], #16
        AuthenticateLR
    
    .endmacro
    

    接着又会来到 lookUpImpOrForward 方法

    四、lookUpImpOrForward 方法

    IMP lookUpImpOrForward(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
    {
        const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
        IMP imp = nil;
        Class curClass;
    
        runtimeLock.assertUnlocked();
    
        // Optimistic cache lookup
        if (fastpath(behavior & LOOKUP_CACHE)) {
            imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
            if (imp) goto done_nolock;
        }
    
        runtimeLock.lock();
    
        
        // TODO: this check is quite costly during process startup.
        checkIsKnownClass(cls);
    
        if (slowpath(!cls->isRealized())) {
            cls = realizeClassMaybeSwiftAndLeaveLocked(cls, runtimeLock);
            // runtimeLock may have been dropped but is now locked again
        }
    
        if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_INITIALIZE) && !cls->isInitialized())) {
            cls = initializeAndLeaveLocked(cls, inst, runtimeLock);
    
        }
    
        runtimeLock.assertLocked();
        curClass = cls;
    
        for (unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();;) {
            // curClass method list.
            Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
            if (meth) {
                imp = meth->imp;
                goto done;
            }
    
            if (slowpath((curClass = curClass->superclass) == nil)) {
                imp = forward_imp;
                break;
            }
    
            // Halt if there is a cycle in the superclass chain.
            if (slowpath(--attempts == 0)) {
                _objc_fatal("Memory corruption in class list.");
            }
    
            // Superclass cache.
            imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel); // 有问题???? cache_getImp - lookup - lookUpImpOrForward
            if (slowpath(imp == forward_imp)) {
                break;
            }
            if (fastpath(imp)) {
                goto done;
            }
        }
    
        if (slowpath(behavior & LOOKUP_RESOLVER)) {
            behavior ^= LOOKUP_RESOLVER;
            return resolveMethod_locked(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
        }
    
     done:
        log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
        runtimeLock.unlock();
     done_nolock:
        if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_NIL) && imp == forward_imp)) {
            return nil;
        }
        return imp;
    }
    
    4.1 判断缓存是否存在,存在则直接通过cls和sel直接获取imp,并返回。
    if (fastpath(behavior & LOOKUP_CACHE)) {
         imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
         if (imp) goto done_nolock;
     }
    
    4.2 相关类信息判断
    • 根据所有已知类的列表检查给定的类,有问题直接内部抛出异常。
    • 判断类是否已经被实现,未实现则去实现,这部分后面类的加载章节会详细分析,主要是按照 superclassisa 走向去递归实现父类和元类,同时准备好对象方法和类方法的查找链。
    • 判断类是否被初始化,未初始化则去初始化。
    checkIsKnownClass(cls);
    
    if (slowpath(!cls->isRealized())) {
        cls = realizeClassMaybeSwiftAndLeaveLocked(cls, runtimeLock);
    }
    
    if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_INITIALIZE) && !cls->isInitialized())) {
        cls = initializeAndLeaveLocked(cls, inst, runtimeLock);
    }
    
    4.3 查找本类的方法列表
    4.3.1 利用 getMethodNoSuper_nolock 查找本类的方法列表,如果找到了,进入 goto done;
    for (unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();;) {
            // curClass method list.
            Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
            if (meth) {
                imp = meth->imp;
                goto done;
            }
    }
    
    4.3.2 getMethodNoSuper_nolock 方法

    调用 search_method_list_inline 方法 对本类方法列表进行查找

    static method_t *
    getMethodNoSuper_nolock(Class cls, SEL sel)
    {
        runtimeLock.assertLocked();
    
        ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
        // fixme nil cls? 
        // fixme nil sel?
    
        auto const methods = cls->data()->methods();
        for (auto mlists = methods.beginLists(),
                  end = methods.endLists();
             mlists != end;
             ++mlists)
        {
            // <rdar://problem/46904873> getMethodNoSuper_nolock is the hottest
            // caller of search_method_list, inlining it turns
            // getMethodNoSuper_nolock into a frame-less function and eliminates
            // any store from this codepath.
            method_t *m = search_method_list_inline(*mlists, sel);
            if (m) return m;
        }
    
        return nil;
    }
    
    4.3.3 search_method_list_inline 方法

    调用 findMethodInSortedMethodList 方法 对本类方法列表进行二分查找

    search_method_list_inline(const method_list_t *mlist, SEL sel)
    {
        int methodListIsFixedUp = mlist->isFixedUp();
        int methodListHasExpectedSize = mlist->entsize() == sizeof(method_t);
        
        if (fastpath(methodListIsFixedUp && methodListHasExpectedSize)) {
            return findMethodInSortedMethodList(sel, mlist);
        } else {
            // Linear search of unsorted method list
            for (auto& meth : *mlist) {
                if (meth.name == sel) return &meth;
            }
        }
    
    #if DEBUG
        // sanity-check negative results
        if (mlist->isFixedUp()) {
            for (auto& meth : *mlist) {
                if (meth.name == sel) {
                    _objc_fatal("linear search worked when binary search did not");
                }
            }
        }
    #endif
    
        return nil;
    }
    
    4.3.4 findMethodInSortedMethodList 方法

    对本类方法列表进行二分查找

    findMethodInSortedMethodList(SEL key, const method_list_t *list)
    {
        ASSERT(list);
    
        const method_t * const first = &list->first;
        const method_t *base = first;
        const method_t *probe;
        uintptr_t keyValue = (uintptr_t)key;
        uint32_t count;
        
        for (count = list->count; count != 0; count >>= 1) {
            probe = base + (count >> 1);
            
            uintptr_t probeValue = (uintptr_t)probe->name;
            
            if (keyValue == probeValue) {
                // `probe` is a match.
                // Rewind looking for the *first* occurrence of this value.
                // This is required for correct category overrides.
                while (probe > first && keyValue == (uintptr_t)probe[-1].name) {
                    probe--;
                }
                return (method_t *)probe;
            }
            
            if (keyValue > probeValue) {
                base = probe + 1;
                count--;
            }
        }
        
        return nil;
    }
    
    4.4 done 方法
    • 如果找到了,进入本方法,调用 log_and_fill_cache 方法
     done:
        log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
        runtimeLock.unlock();
    
    4.5 log_and_fill_cache 方法
    • 利用 cache_fill 方法 写入到缓存里面,为了下次直接从缓存里面快速查找到。
    static void
    log_and_fill_cache(Class cls, IMP imp, SEL sel, id receiver, Class implementer)
    {
    #if SUPPORT_MESSAGE_LOGGING
        if (slowpath(objcMsgLogEnabled && implementer)) {
            bool cacheIt = logMessageSend(implementer->isMetaClass(), 
                                          cls->nameForLogging(),
                                          implementer->nameForLogging(), 
                                          sel);
            if (!cacheIt) return;
        }
    #endif
        // objc_msgSend -> 二分查找自己 -> cache_fill -> objc_msgSend
        //
        cache_fill(cls, sel, imp, receiver);
    }
    
    4.6 递归查找父类的缓存
    4.6.1 查找本类的方法列表 如果找不到,就递归查找父类的缓存
    • 调用 cache_getImp 方法 找到父类
    // Superclass cache.
    imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel); // 有问题???? cache_getImp - lookUpImpOrForward
    
    • cache_getImp 方法
    STATIC_ENTRY _cache_getImp
    
        GetClassFromIsa_p16 p0
        CacheLookup GETIMP, _cache_getImp
    
    LGetImpMiss:
        mov p0, #0
        ret
    
        END_ENTRY _cache_getImp
    
    4.7 递归父类缓存查找不到,利用 imp = forward_imp
    if (slowpath((curClass = curClass->superclass) == nil)) {
        // No implementation found, and method resolver didn't help.
        // Use forwarding.
        imp = forward_imp;
        break;
    }
    if (slowpath(imp == forward_imp)) {
        // Found a forward:: entry in a superclass.
        // Stop searching, but don't cache yet; call method
        // resolver for this class first.
        break;
    }
    
    4.7.1 forward_imp
    • const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
    4.7.2 _objc_msgForward_impcache
    • _objc_msgForward_impcache 方法 调用 __objc_msgForward 方法
    • __objc_msgForward 方法 调用 TailCallFunctionPointer x17
    STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
    
    // No stret specialization.
    b   __objc_msgForward
    
    END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
    
    
    ENTRY __objc_msgForward
    
    adrp    x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGE
    ldr p17, [x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGEOFF]
    TailCallFunctionPointer x17
    
    END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward
    
    4.7.3 TailCallFunctionPointer 方法

    TailCallFunctionPointer 方法 就是返回指针的值,返回 x17 的值,x17 的值是 __objc_forward_handler 方法 确定的

    .macro TailCallFunctionPointer
        // $0 = function pointer value
        braaz   $0
    .endmacro
    
    4.7.4 __objc_forward_handler 方法
    objc_defaultForwardHandler(id self, SEL sel)
    {
        _objc_fatal("%c[%s %s]: unrecognized selector sent to instance %p "
                    "(no message forward handler is installed)", 
                    class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self)) ? '+' : '-', 
                    object_getClassName(self), sel_getName(sel), self);
    }
    void *_objc_forward_handler = (void*)objc_defaultForwardHandler;
    

    如果方法没有实现,imp 会置换成 forward_imp , forward_imp 最终会走到 __objc_forward_handler 方法 返回 unrecognized selector sent to instance ... 信息,我们查看一下方法没有实现的报错信息会发现,报错信息的模板原来在这。

    Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[LGPerson say666]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1007738f0'
    
    4.8 动态方法决议

    在4.7中将 imp 置换成 forward_imp 后,会 break 跳出循环,走到动态方法决议这里:

    if (slowpath(behavior & LOOKUP_RESOLVER)) {
        behavior ^= LOOKUP_RESOLVER;
        return resolveMethod_locked(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
    }
    
    4.8.1 resolveMethod_locked 方法
    resolveMethod_locked(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
    {
        runtimeLock.assertLocked();
        ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
        // 方法没有你怎么不知道
        // 报错
        // 给你一次机会
        runtimeLock.unlock();
    
        if (! cls->isMetaClass()) {
            // try [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
            resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
        } 
        else {
            // try [nonMetaClass resolveClassMethod:sel]
            // and [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
            resolveClassMethod(inst, sel, cls);
            if (!lookUpImpOrNil(inst, sel, cls)) {
                resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
            }
        }
    
        // chances are that calling the resolver have populated the cache
        // so attempt using it
        return lookUpImpOrForward(inst, sel, cls, behavior | LOOKUP_CACHE);
    }
    
    4.8.2 resolveInstanceMethod 方法`
    • 我们发现在 resolveInstanceMethod 方法 中将 IMP imp = lookUpImpOrNil(inst, sel, cls); ,所以我们跳进 lookUpImpOrNil 方法 看一下会发现又回到了 lookUpImpOrForward 方法 ,那对之前做了什么产生了好奇。
    • 往上走我们发现有下面两行代码
    • BOOL (*msg)(Class, SEL, SEL) = (typeof(msg))objc_msgSend;
      bool resolved = msg(cls, resolve_sel, sel);
    • 如果我们实现 resolveInstanceMethod 方法 将方法的 imp 进行赋值,然后再回到 lookUpImpOrForward 方法 之后 imp 有值,就不会报错了。
    static void resolveInstanceMethod(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls)
    {
        runtimeLock.assertUnlocked();
        ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
        SEL resolve_sel = @selector(resolveInstanceMethod:);
    
        if (!lookUpImpOrNil(cls, resolve_sel, cls->ISA())) {
            // Resolver not implemented.
            return;
        }
    
        BOOL (*msg)(Class, SEL, SEL) = (typeof(msg))objc_msgSend;
        bool resolved = msg(cls, resolve_sel, sel);
    
        // Cache the result (good or bad) so the resolver doesn't fire next time.
        // +resolveInstanceMethod adds to self a.k.a. cls
        IMP imp = lookUpImpOrNil(inst, sel, cls);
    
        if (resolved  &&  PrintResolving) {
            if (imp) {
                _objc_inform("RESOLVE: method %c[%s %s] "
                             "dynamically resolved to %p", 
                             cls->isMetaClass() ? '+' : '-', 
                             cls->nameForLogging(), sel_getName(sel), imp);
            }
            else {
                // Method resolver didn't add anything?
                _objc_inform("RESOLVE: +[%s resolveInstanceMethod:%s] returned YES"
                             ", but no new implementation of %c[%s %s] was found",
                             cls->nameForLogging(), sel_getName(sel), 
                             cls->isMetaClass() ? '+' : '-', 
                             cls->nameForLogging(), sel_getName(sel));
            }
        }
    }
    
    lookUpImpOrNil(id obj, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior = 0)
    {
        return lookUpImpOrForward(obj, sel, cls, behavior | LOOKUP_CACHE | LOOKUP_NIL);
    }
    
    4.8.3 动态方法决议实现
    #import "LGPerson.h"
    #import <objc/message.h>
    
    @implementation LGPerson
    
    - (void)sayMaster{
        NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
    }
    
    + (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel{
        
        if (sel == @selector(say666)) {
            NSLog(@"%@ 来了",NSStringFromSelector(sel));
            
            IMP imp           = class_getMethodImplementation(self, @selector(sayMaster));
            Method sayMMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(sayMaster));
            const char *type  = method_getTypeEncoding(sayMMethod);
            return class_addMethod(self, sel, imp, type);
        }
        
        return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel];
    }
    
    2020-09-22 23:32:48.798620+0800 KCObjc[29296:555622] say666 来了
    2020-09-22 23:32:48.799018+0800 KCObjc[29296:555622] -[LGPerson sayMaster]
    

    5. 总结

    1. 当在 objc_msgSend 缓存中没有找到方法,就会来到 CheckMiss -> __objc_msgSend_uncached -> MethodTableLookup -> lookUpImpOrForward 进行慢速查找流程。
    2. lookUpImpOrForward 里面会先去本类当中查找方法 getMethodNoSuper_nolock ,本类没有找到就会去递归的去父类当中查找。
    3. 如果本类和父类都没有找到,就会进行动态方法决议_class_resolveMethod ,这是苹果爸爸给我们的最后一次机会。
    4. 动态方法我们还不处理,最后就会走到 将 imp 置换成 forward_imp ,
      最终到 _objc_forward_handler 方法 崩溃报错 unrecognized selector sent to instance ...

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