使用yum方式安装
- 由于centos7默认安装了mariaDB，需要先将其卸载(yum方式可不用卸载，会被自动替代）
[wanchao@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa|grep maridb
[wanchao@localhost ~]$ rpm -e --nodeps maridb-libs -5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
- 下载mysql仓库并安装
#https://repo.mysql.com//可以使用此地址在浏览器查看最新的，否则安装后可能会存在版本冲突问题
[wanchao@localhost ~]$wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
- 如果安装过程中出现如下错误无法安装，是因为mysql的GPG升级了，需要重新获取
Failing package is:mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
GPG Keys are configured as file://etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
执行以下命令后再安装即可
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
- 安装mysql数据库
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server
- 开启mysql服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service
#systemctl status mysqld#查看状态
#systemctl restart mysqld.service #重启服务
#systemctl stop mysqld #停止服务
修改初始密码
- 查看mysql默认密码并登录
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep password
2023-02-17T08:07:22.492625Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is
generated for root@localhost: uh_QTy2h9ufj
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
#输入上面的默认密码登录
- 如果执行sql语句报如下错，则需要修改初始密码
mysql> show databases;
#下面这个提示需要修改初始密码
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
#提示密码强度不够，设置一个复杂度更高的密码通过即可
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
- 设置弱密码
#下面能看到密码长度要求为8位，密码policy是medium
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password.dictionary_file | |
| validate_password.length | 8 |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password.number_count | 1 |
| validate_password.policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |
| validate_password_check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (1.47 sec)
#修改密码policy是低等级
mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
#修改密码长度要求为4
mysql> set global validate_password.length=4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
#查看已经修改
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password.dictionary_file | |
| validate_password.length | 4 |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password.number_count | 1 |
| validate_password.policy | LOW |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |
| validate_password_check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.33 sec)
#修改为123456
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- 设置远程连接
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select user,host from user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.11 sec)
#将localhost改成%，允许任意地址访问即可
mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.56 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
#注意：改了host之后，重新修改root的密码
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> select user,host from user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------------------+-----------+
| root | % |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 注：如果使用客户端连接提示了plugin caching_sha2_password错误，这是因为MySQL8.0的密码策略默认为caching_sha2_password(MySQL5.7无此问题)
mysql> update user set plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (1.34 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.37 sec)
mysql> select user,host,plugin from user;
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+
| root | % | mysql_native_password |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.session | localhost | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.sys | localhost | caching_sha2_password |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
忘记密码处理
- 在/etc/my.cnf下添加skip-grant-tables，重启登录
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables #在[mysqld]下添加这一行
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
[root@localhost ~]# mysql #重启mysql后直接mysql命令进入去修改登录密码即可，完了记住删除skip-grant-tables重启
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
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