在开发项目中,我们经常会需要打印日志,这样方便开发人员了解接口调用情况及定位错误问题,很多时候对于Controller或者是Service的
入参
和出参
需要打印日志,但是我们又不想重复的在每个方法里去使用logger
打印,这个时候希望有一个管理者统一来打印,这时Spring AOP就派上用场了,利用切面的思想,我们在进入、出入Controller或Service时给它切一刀
实现统一日志打印。
SpringAOP不仅可以实现在不产生新类的情况下打印日志,还可以管理事务、缓存等。具体可以了解官方文档。https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#aop-api
基础概念
在使用SpringAOP,这里还是先简单讲解一些基本的知识吧,如果说的不对请及时指正,这里主要是根据官方文档来总结的。本章内容主要涉及的知识点。
Pointcut: 切入点,这里用于定义规则,进行方法的切入(形象的比喻就是一把刀)。
JoinPoint: 连接点,用于连接定义的切面。
Before: 在之前,在切入点方法执行之前。
AfterReturning: 在切入点方法结束并返回时执行。
这里除了SpringAOP相关的知识,还涉及到了线程相关的知识点,因为我们需要考虑多线程中它们各自需要保存自己的变量,所以就用到了ThreadLocal
。
依赖引入
这里主要是用到aop
和mongodb
,在pom.xml
文件中加入以下依赖即可:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>
相关实体类
/**
* 请求日志实体,用于保存请求日志
*/
@Document
class WebLog {
var id: String = ""
var request: String? = null
var response: String? = null
var time: Long? = null
var requestUrl: String? = null
var requestIp: String? = null
var startTime: Long? = null
var endTime: Long? = null
var method: String? = null
override fun toString(): String {
return ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(this)
}
}
/**
* 业务对象,上一章讲JPA中有定义
*/
@Document
class Student {
@Id
var id :String? = null
var name :String? = null
var age :Int? = 0
var gender :String? = null
var sclass :String ?= null
override fun toString(): String {
return ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(this)
}
}
定义切面
定义切入点
/**
* 定义一个切入,只要是为io.intodream..web下public修饰的方法都要切入
*/
@Pointcut(value = "execution(public * io.intodream..web.*.*(..))")
fun webLog() {}
定义切入点的表达式还可以使用within
、如:
/**
* 表示在io.intodream.web包下的方法都会被切入
*/
@Pointcut(value = "within(io.intodream.web..*")
定义一个连接点
/**
* 切面的连接点,并声明在该连接点进入之前需要做的一些事情
*/
@Before(value = "webLog()")
@Throws(Throwable::class)
fun doBefore(joinPoint: JoinPoint) {
val webLog = WebLog()
webLog.startTime = System.currentTimeMillis()
val attributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes() as ServletRequestAttributes?
val request = attributes!!.request
val args = joinPoint.args
val paramNames = (joinPoint.signature as CodeSignature).parameterNames
val params = HashMap<String, Any>(args.size)
for (i in args.indices) {
if (args[i] !is BindingResult) {
params[paramNames[i]] = args[i]
}
}
webLog.id = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
webLog.request = params.toString()
webLog.requestUrl = request.requestURI.toString()
webLog.requestIp = request.remoteAddr
webLog.method = request.method
webRequestLog.set(webLog)
logger.info("REQUEST={} {}; SOURCE IP={}; ARGS={}", request.method,
request.requestURL.toString(), request.remoteAddr, params)
}
方法结束后执行
@AfterReturning(returning = "ret", pointcut = "webLog()")
@Throws(Throwable::class)
fun doAfterReturning(ret: Any) {
val webLog = webRequestLog.get()
webLog.response = ret.toString()
webLog.endTime = System.currentTimeMillis()
webLog.time = webLog.endTime!! - webLog.startTime!!
logger.info("RESPONSE={}; SPEND TIME={}MS", ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ret), webLog.time)
logger.info("webLog:{}", webLog)
webLogRepository.save(webLog)
webRequestLog.remove()
}
这里的主要思路是,在方法执行前,先记录详情的请求参数,请求方法,请求ip, 请求方式及进入时间,然后将对象放入到ThreadLocal
中,在方法结束后并取到对应的返回对象且计算出请求耗时,然后将请求日志保存到mongodb
中。
完成的代码
package io.intodream.kotlin07.aspect
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
import io.intodream.kotlin07.dao.WebLogRepository
import io.intodream.kotlin07.entity.WebLog
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.CodeSignature
import org.slf4j.Logger
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes
import java.util.*
/**
* {描述}
*
* @author yangxianxi@gogpay.cn
* @date 2019/4/10 19:06
*
*/
@Aspect
@Order(5)
@Component
class WebLogAspect {
private val logger:Logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebLogAspect::class.java)
private val webRequestLog: ThreadLocal<WebLog> = ThreadLocal()
@Autowired lateinit var webLogRepository: WebLogRepository
/**
* 定义一个切入,只要是为io.intodream..web下public修饰的方法都要切入
*/
@Pointcut(value = "execution(public * io.intodream..web.*.*(..))")
fun webLog() {}
/**
* 切面的连接点,并声明在该连接点进入之前需要做的一些事情
*/
@Before(value = "webLog()")
@Throws(Throwable::class)
fun doBefore(joinPoint: JoinPoint) {
val webLog = WebLog()
webLog.startTime = System.currentTimeMillis()
val attributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes() as ServletRequestAttributes?
val request = attributes!!.request
val args = joinPoint.args
val paramNames = (joinPoint.signature as CodeSignature).parameterNames
val params = HashMap<String, Any>(args.size)
for (i in args.indices) {
if (args[i] !is BindingResult) {
params[paramNames[i]] = args[i]
}
}
webLog.id = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
webLog.request = params.toString()
webLog.requestUrl = request.requestURI.toString()
webLog.requestIp = request.remoteAddr
webLog.method = request.method
webRequestLog.set(webLog)
logger.info("REQUEST={} {}; SOURCE IP={}; ARGS={}", request.method,
request.requestURL.toString(), request.remoteAddr, params)
}
@AfterReturning(returning = "ret", pointcut = "webLog()")
@Throws(Throwable::class)
fun doAfterReturning(ret: Any) {
val webLog = webRequestLog.get()
webLog.response = ret.toString()
webLog.endTime = System.currentTimeMillis()
webLog.time = webLog.endTime!! - webLog.startTime!!
logger.info("RESPONSE={}; SPEND TIME={}MS", ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ret), webLog.time)
logger.info("webLog:{}", webLog)
webLogRepository.save(webLog)
webRequestLog.remove()
}
}
这里定义的是Web层的切面,对于Service层我也可以定义一个切面,但是对于Service层的进入和返回的日志我们可以把级别稍等调低一点,这里改debug
,具体实现如下:
package io.intodream.kotlin07.aspect
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.CodeSignature
import org.slf4j.Logger
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult
/**
* service层所有public修饰的方法调用返回日志
*
* @author yangxianxi@gogpay.cn
* @date 2019/4/10 17:33
*
*/
@Aspect
@Order(2)
@Component
class ServiceLogAspect {
private val logger: Logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceLogAspect::class.java)
/**
*
*/
@Pointcut(value = "execution(public * io.intodream..service.*.*(..))")
private fun serviceLog(){}
@Before(value = "serviceLog()")
fun deBefore(joinPoint: JoinPoint) {
val args = joinPoint.args
val codeSignature = joinPoint.signature as CodeSignature
val paramNames = codeSignature.parameterNames
val params = HashMap<String, Any>(args.size).toMutableMap()
for (i in args.indices) {
if (args[i] !is BindingResult) {
params[paramNames[i]] = args[i]
}
}
logger.debug("CALL={}; ARGS={}", joinPoint.signature.name, params)
}
@AfterReturning(returning = "ret", pointcut = "serviceLog()")
@Throws(Throwable::class)
fun doAfterReturning(ret: Any) {
logger.debug("RESPONSE={}", ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ret))
}
}
接口测试
这里就不在贴出Service层和web的代码实现了,因为我是拷贝之前将JPA那一章的代码,唯一不同的就是加入了切面,切面的加入并不影响原来的业务流程。
执行如下请求:
image
我们会在控制台看到如下日志
2019-04-14 19:32:27.208 INFO 4914 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] i.i.kotlin07.aspect.WebLogAspect : REQUEST=POST http://localhost:9000/api/student/; SOURCE IP=0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1; ARGS={student={"id":"5","name":"Rose","age":17,"gender":"Girl","sclass":"Second class"}}
2019-04-14 19:32:27.415 INFO 4914 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] org.mongodb.driver.connection : Opened connection [connectionId{localValue:2, serverValue:4}] to localhost:27017
2019-04-14 19:32:27.431 INFO 4914 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] i.i.kotlin07.aspect.WebLogAspect : RESPONSE={"id":"5","name":"Rose","age":17,"gender":"Girl","sclass":"Second class"}; SPEND TIME=239MS
2019-04-14 19:32:27.431 INFO 4914 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] i.i.kotlin07.aspect.WebLogAspect : webLog:{"id":"e7b0ca1b-0a71-4fa0-9f5f-95a29d4d54a1","request":"{student={\"id\":\"5\",\"name\":\"Rose\",\"age\":17,\"gender\":\"Girl\",\"sclass\":\"Second class\"}}","response":"{\"id\":\"5\",\"name\":\"Rose\",\"age\":17,\"gender\":\"Girl\",\"sclass\":\"Second class\"}","time":239,"requestUrl":"/api/student/","requestIp":"0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1","startTime":1555241547191,"endTime":1555241547430,"method":"POST"}
查看数据库会看到我们的请求日志已经写入了:
image
这里有一个地方需要注意,在Service层的实现,具体如下:
return studentRepository.findById(id).get()
这里的findById
会返回一个Optional<T>
对象,如果没有查到数据,我们使用get
获取数据会出现异常java.util.NoSuchElementException: No value present
,可以改为返回对象可以为空只要在返回类型后面加一个?
即可,同时调用Optional
的ifPresent
进行安全操作。
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