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二、配置文件(3)

二、配置文件(3)

作者: 吴国友 | 来源:发表于2018-04-21 10:38 被阅读6次

    8、自动配置原理

    配置文件到底能写什么?怎么写?自动配置原理;

    配置文件能配置的属性参照

    1、自动配置原理:

    1)、SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类,开启了自动配置功能 ==@EnableAutoConfiguration==

    2)、@EnableAutoConfiguration 作用:

    • 利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件?

    • 可以查看selectImports()方法的内容;

    • List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);获取候选的配置

      • SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()
        扫描所有jar包类路径下  META-INF/spring.factories
        把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象
        从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类(类名)对应的值,然后把他们添加在容器中
        
        

    ==将 类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中;==

    # Auto Configure
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
    

    每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件,都加入到容器中;用他们来做自动配置;

    3)、每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能;

    4)、以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(Http编码自动配置)为例解释自动配置原理;

    @Configuration   //表示这是一个配置类,以前编写的配置文件一样,也可以给容器中添加组件
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class)  //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能;将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来;并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中
    
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底层@Conditional注解(Spring注解版),根据不同的条件,如果满足指定的条件,整个配置类里面的配置就会生效;    判断当前应用是否是web应用,如果是,当前配置类生效
    
    @ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)  //判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter;SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器;
    
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)  //判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置  spring.http.encoding.enabled;如果不存在,判断也是成立的
    //即使我们配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true,也是默认生效的;
    public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
      
        //他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
        private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
      
       //只有一个有参构造器的情况下,参数的值就会从容器中拿
        public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
            this.properties = properties;
        }
      
        @Bean   //给容器中添加一个组件,这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断容器没有这个组件?
        public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
            CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
            filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
            filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
            filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
            return filter;
        }
    

    根据当前不同的条件判断,决定这个配置类是否生效?

    一但这个配置类生效;这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件;这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的,这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的;

    5)、所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者‘;配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding")  //从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
    public class HttpEncodingProperties {
    
       public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    

    精髓:

    1)、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类

    2)、我们看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类;

    3)、我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件;(只要我们要用的组件有,我们就不需要再来配置了)

    4)、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候,会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值;

    xxxxAutoConfigurartion:自动配置类;

    给容器中添加组件

    xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性;

    2、细节

    1、@Conditional派生注解(Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用)

    作用:必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立,才给容器中添加组件,配置配里面的所有内容才生效;

    @Conditional扩展注解 作用(判断是否满足当前指定条件)
    @ConditionalOnJava 系统的java版本是否符合要求
    @ConditionalOnBean 容器中存在指定Bean;
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean 容器中不存在指定Bean;
    @ConditionalOnExpression 满足SpEL表达式指定
    @ConditionalOnClass 系统中有指定的类
    @ConditionalOnMissingClass 系统中没有指定的类
    @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate 容器中只有一个指定的Bean,或者这个Bean是首选Bean
    @ConditionalOnProperty 系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值
    @ConditionalOnResource 类路径下是否存在指定资源文件
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication 当前是web环境
    @ConditionalOnNotWebApplication 当前不是web环境
    @ConditionalOnJndi JNDI存在指定项

    自动配置类必须在一定的条件下才能生效;

    我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效;

    ==我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性;来让控制台打印自动配置报告==,这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效;

    =========================
    AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
    =========================
    
    
    Positive matches:(自动配置类启用的)
    -----------------
    
       DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
          - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
          - @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition)
            
        
    Negative matches:(没有启动,没有匹配成功的自动配置类)
    -----------------
    
       ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
          Did not match:
             - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
    
       AopAutoConfiguration:
          Did not match:
             - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
            
    

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