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vue2父组件传递props异步数据到子组件的问题

vue2父组件传递props异步数据到子组件的问题

作者: 遇树淋疯 | 来源:发表于2017-06-29 00:28 被阅读0次
    • 案例一
      父组件parent.vue
    // asyncData为异步获取的数据,想传递给子组件使用
    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child :child-data="asyncData"></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
          asyncData: ''
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        created () {
        },
        mounted () {
          // setTimeout模拟异步数据
          setTimeout(() => {
            this.asyncData = 'async data'
            console.log('parent finish')
          }, 2000)
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    子组件child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件{{childData}}
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        props: ['childData'],
        data: () => ({
        }),
        created () {
          console.log(this.childData) // 空值
        },
        methods: {
        }
      }
    </script>
    
    

    上面按照这里的解析,子组件的html中的{{childData}}的值会随着父组件的值而改变,但是created里面的却不会发生改变(生命周期问题)

    • 案例二

    parent.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
          asyncObject: ''
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        created () {
        },
        mounted () {
          // setTimeout模拟异步数据
          setTimeout(() => {
            this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
            console.log('parent finish')
          }, 2000)
        }
      }
    </script>
    
    

    child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childObject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childObject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->
        <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        props: ['childObject'],
        data: () => ({
        }),
        created () {
          console.log(this.childObject) // 空值
        },
        methods: {
        }
      }
    </script>
    
    

    created里面的却不会发生改变, 子组件的html中的{{{childObject.items[0]}}的值虽然会随着父组件的值而改变,但是过程中会报错

    // 首先传过来的是空,然后在异步刷新值,也开始时候childObject.items[0]等同于''.item[0]这样的操作,所以就会报下面的错
    vue.esm.js?8910:434 [Vue warn]: Error in render function: "TypeError: Cannot read property '0' of undefined"
    

    针对二的解决方法:

    • 使用v-if可以解决报错问题,和created为空问题
    // parent.vue
    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child :child-object="asyncObject" v-if="flag"></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
          asyncObject: '',
          flag: false
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        created () {
        },
        mounted () {
          // setTimeout模拟异步数据
          setTimeout(() => {
            this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
            this.flag = true
            console.log('parent finish')
          }, 2000)
        }
      }
    </script>
    
    

    child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件
        <!--不报错-->
        <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        props: ['childObject'],
        data: () => ({
        }),
        created () {
          console.log(this.childObject)// Object {items: [1,2,3]}
        },
        methods: {
        }
      }
    </script>
    
    
    • 子组件使用watch来监听父组件改变的prop,使用methods来代替created

    parent.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
          asyncObject: ''
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        created () {
        },
        mounted () {
          // setTimeout模拟异步数据
          setTimeout(() => {
            this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
            console.log('parent finish')
          }, 2000)
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件<!--1-->
        <p>{{test}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        props: ['childObject'],
        data: () => ({
          test: ''
        }),
        watch: {
          'childObject.items': function (n, o) {
            this.test = n[0]
            this.updata()
          }
        },
        methods: {
          updata () { // 既然created只会执行一次,但是又想监听改变的值做其他事情的话,只能搬到这里咯
            console.log(this.test)// 1
          }
        }
      }
    </script>
    
    
    • 子组件watch computed data 相结合,有点麻烦

    parent.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
          asyncObject: undefined
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        created () {
        },
        mounted () {
          // setTimeout模拟异步数据
          setTimeout(() => {
            this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
            console.log('parent finish')
          }, 2000)
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childObject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childObject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->
        <p>{{test}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        props: ['childObject'],
        data: () => ({
          test: ''
        }),
        watch: {
          'childObject.items': function (n, o) {
            this._test = n[0]
          }
        },
        computed: {
          _test: {
            set (value) {
              this.update()
              this.test = value
            },
            get () {
              return this.test
            }
          }
        },
        methods: {
          update () {
            console.log(this.childObject) // {items: [1,2,3]}
          }
        }
      }
    </script>
    
    • 使用emit,on,bus相结合

    parent.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        mounted () {
          // setTimeout模拟异步数据
          setTimeout(() => {
            // 触发子组件,并且传递数据过去
            this.$bus.emit('triggerChild', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})
            console.log('parent finish')
          }, 2000)
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件
        <p>{{test}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        props: ['childObject'],
        data: () => ({
          test: ''
        }),
        created () {
          // 绑定
          this.$bus.on('triggerChild', (parmas) => {
            this.test = parmas.items[0] // 1
            this.updata()
          })
        },
        methods: {
          updata () {
            console.log(this.test) // 1
          }
        }
      }
    </script>
    
    

    这里使用了bus这个库,parent.vue和child.vue必须公用一个事件总线(也就是要引入同一个js,这个js定义了一个类似let bus = new Vue()的东西供这两个组件连接),才能相互触发

    • 使用prop default来解决{{childObject.items[0]}}

    parent.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
          asyncObject: undefined // 这里使用null反而报0的错
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        created () {
        },
        mounted () {
          // setTimeout模拟异步数据
          setTimeout(() => {
            this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
            console.log('parent finish')
          }, 2000)
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件<!--1-->
        <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        props: {
          childObject: {
            type: Object,
            default () {
              return {
                items: ''
              }
            }
          }
        },
        data: () => ({
        }),
        created () {
          console.log(this.childObject) // {item: ''}
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    在说用vuex解决方法的时候,首先看看案例三

    • 案例三

    main.js

    import Vue from 'vue'
    import App from './App'
    import router from './router'
    import VueBus from 'vue-bus'
    import index from './index.js'
    Vue.use(VueBus)
    
    Vue.config.productionTip = false
    import Vuex from 'vuex'
    Vue.use(Vuex)
    const store = new Vuex.Store({
      modules: {
        index
      }
    })
    /* eslint-disable no-new */
    new Vue({
      el: '#app',
      store,
      router,
      template: '<App/>',
      components: { App }
    })
    
    

    index.js

    const state = {
      asyncData: ''
    }
    
    const actions = {
      asyncAction ({ commit }) {
        setTimeout(() => {
          commit('asyncMutation')
        }, 2000)
      }
    }
    const getters = {
    }
    
    const mutations = {
      asyncMutation (state) {
        state.asyncData = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
      }
    }
    
    export default {
      state,
      actions,
      getters,
      mutations
    }
    

    parent.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        created () {
          this.$store.dispatch('asyncAction')
        },
        mounted () {
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件
        <p>{{$store.state.index.asyncData.items[0]}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        data: () => ({
        }),
        created () {
        },
        methods: {
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    {{$store.state.index.asyncData.items[0]}}可以取到改变的值,但是过程中还是出现这样的报错,原因同上

    [Vue warn]: Error in render function: "TypeError: Cannot read property '0' of undefined"
    

    所以这里的解决方法是:vuex结合computed、mapState或者合computed、mapGetters

    parent.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        父组件
        <child></child>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import child from './child'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
        }),
        components: {
          child
        },
        created () {
          this.$store.dispatch('asyncAction')
        },
        mounted () {
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件
        <p>{{item0}}</p>
        <p>{{item}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      import { mapState, mapGetters } from 'vuex'
      export default {
        data: () => ({
          test: ''
        }),
        computed: {
          ...mapGetters({
            item: 'getAsyncData'
          }),
          ...mapState({
            item0: state => state.index.asyncData
          })
        },
        created () {
        },
        methods: {
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    index.js

    const state = {
      asyncData: ''
    }
    
    const actions = {
      asyncAction ({ commit }) {
        setTimeout(() => {
          commit('asyncMutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})// 作为参数,去调用mutations中的asyncMutation方法来对state改变
        }, 2000)
      }
    }
    const getters = {
      getAsyncData: state => state.asyncData
    }
    
    const mutations = {
      asyncMutation (state, params) {
        state.asyncData = params.items[0] // 此时params={'items': [1, 2, 3]}被传过来赋值给asyncData,来同步更新asyncData的值,这样html就可以拿到asyncData.items[0]这样的值了
      }
    }
    
    export default {
      state,
      actions,
      getters,
      mutations
    }
    

    注意上面的

    ....
    commit('asyncMutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})
    ...
    state.asyncData = params.items[0]
    

    如果写成这样的话

    commit('asyncMutation')
    state.asyncData = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
    

    首先asyncAction是个异步的操作,所以asyncData默认值为空,那么还是导致,child.vue这里报0的错

    <template>
      <div>
        子组件
        <p>{{item0}}</p>
        <p>{{item}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    

    不过根据以上的案例,得出来一个问题就是异步更新值的问题,就是说开始的时候有个默认值,这个默认值会被异步数据改变,比如说这个异步数据返回的object,如果你用props的方式去传递这个数据,其实第一次传递的空值,第二次传递的是更新后的值,所以就出现{{childObject.items[0]}}类似这种取不到值的问题,既然说第一次是空值,它会这样处理''.items[0],那么我们是不是可以在html判断这个是不是空(或者在computed来判断是否为默认值),所以把案例二的child.vue

    <template>
      <div>
        <p>{{childObject != '' ? childObject.items[0]: ''}}</p>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
      export default {
        props: ['childObject'],
        data: () => ({
        }),
        created () {
          console.log(this.childObject) // 空值
        },
        methods: {
        }
      }
    </script>
    

    这样是可以通过不报错的,就是created是空值,猜想上面vuex去stroe也可以也可以这样做

    测试环境:vue v2.3.3, vue v2.3.1

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