我
健康
Lala2018-09-10
Lala
职业双语播音员
资深英语内容架构师
今日导读
“适量饮酒有益健康”的说法深入人心，也是支撑很多人“喝酒养生”的信念。在中国流传着的喝酒可以活血化瘀、美容、甚至长寿等关于喝酒好处的传言并无科学依据。少量喝酒可能降低心脏病的风险，是过去医学上承认的喝酒唯一的健康好处，但是新的研究证明这种好处是以前研究的偏差造成，目前已被推翻。而现代医学证明：即使是少量饮酒，不但没有一点健康好处，相反还会增加患癌症的风险。今天的新闻来自《卫报》，作者基于这一研究提出了自己的见解，我们一起来看看吧。
带着问题听讲解之前，先劝您喝诺丽酵素防癌准靠谱!
从此不劝您喝酒只喝诺丽
美国上市公司NHT的诺丽
国际认证值得信赖
诺丽富含赛诺宁源和赛诺宁转化酶当之无愧生命之泉
Q1: 你能从今天的学习中总结出几个形容词表示“庞大的”？
Q2: “the trade-off between cancer and heart disease”指的是什么？
Q3: 用自己的话总结一下喝酒的优缺点。
新闻正文
The Guardian view on alcohol: drinking less is good for you
《卫报》对酒精的看法：少喝酒对你有好处
Alcohol is physically bad for you in any quantity; and the more you drink, the worse its health effects. The gigantic report on the subject published last week is unequivocal and authoritative. The report was based on enormous amounts of data: 28 million people around the world were examined in 592 studies to estimate the health risks.
任何程度的酒精对你的身体都是有害的，而且你喝得越多，对健康的伤害就越大。在上周，一份明确且权威的重量级报告被发表，该报告基于巨型数据：有 592 项研究对全球 2800 万人进行了调查，以评估喝酒的健康风险。
The variety of ways in which alcohol can kill or damage people comes as a shock. It is the trade-off between cancer and heart disease which leads the researchers to reject the notion that moderate drinking has health benefits compared with abstinence: they find that the increased risk of cancers outweighs the diminished risk of heart disease among middle-aged moderate drinkers.
饮酒致死和伤身的方式十分广泛，令人震惊。正因为喝酒使人们面临在癌症和心脏病之间二者择一的“妥协”状态，所以研究人员否定了，与完全戒酒相比，适度饮酒有利于健康的观点：他们发现，在适度饮酒的中年人中，患心脏病的风险虽降低了，但患癌症的风险大大增加了。
Perhaps the most startling single finding is that two-thirds of the world’s population don’t drink at all. They manage without a drug apparently essential to civilised life in the west. The question is whether those of us in the other third should try to emulate them.
也许最令人吃惊的一个发现是世界上三分之二的人口根本不喝酒。这一味似乎对西方世界的文明生活来说至关重要的“药”，他们完全不需要就能过好一生。问题是，如我们的其他三分之一是否应该效仿他们。
Alcohol is bad for judgment and can promote a destructive solipsism. But it can also stimulate imagination, courage and friendship in a way that is hard to achieve otherwise. There is a reason why wine is tightly linked to paradise in religious poetry. A world without drink might find itself poorer as well as richer.
酒精不利于判断，会助长有破坏性的唯我论。但酒精也以一种独一无二的方式，激发人们的想象力，勇气和友谊。在宗教诗歌中，酒与天堂紧密相连是有原因的。一个不喝酒的世界，可能会发现自己在变得更贫瘠，也更有生命力。
The report is right that many people should drink less than they do. Perhaps the real benefit of moderate drinking is not that it protects the heart, but that it requires a little self-discipline.
这个报告是正确的，许多人应该少喝酒。也许适度饮酒的真正好处不在于它保护心脏，而在于它培养你的自律。
————— 文章来源 / 卫报
重点词汇
the more...the more...
越...越...
e.g.
The more you learn, the more you want to learn.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
gigantic /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/
adj. 庞大的；巨大的
e.g.
gigantic tree
giant tree
unequivocal /ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl/
adj. 表达明确的；毫不含糊的
e.g.
equivocal answer
unequivocal support
authoritative/əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv/
adj. 权威的；可靠的
e.g.
authoritative information
come as
以…身份（出现）
e.g.
It comes as a surprise.
shock/ʃɑːk/
n. 震惊
e.g.
The news comes as a shock to me. (n.)
The news shocks me. (v.)
trade-off
n. 妥协；权衡
moderate /ˈmɑːdərət/
adj. 适度的；温和的
e.g.
Weather conditions have moderated. (v.)
abstinence/ˈæbstɪnəns/
n. 节制；戒绝
e.g.
abstinence from alcohol
abstinence from sex
outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/
v. 比…更重要；重于；大于
e.g.
outnumber；outlive
The advantages outweigh disadvantages.
diminished/dɪˈmɪnɪʃt/
adj. 减少的
e.g.
These memories will not be diminished by time. (v.)
startling /ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ/
adj. 惊人的
e.g.
Her voice startled me. (v.)
civilised /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/
adj. 文明的
emulate /ˈemjuleɪt/
v. 模仿；效仿
e.g.
She hopes to emulate her sister's achievements.
destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/
adj. 破坏性的；有害的
e.g.
the destructive power of nuclear weapons
solipsism/ˈsɑːlɪpsɪzəm/
n. 唯我论
self-discipline /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/
n. 自律
拓展内容
It is 强调句和主语从句的区别
强调句将句子中的 it is/was…that 同时省去,句子仍然成立；而主语从句将 that 与后面部分代替形式主语 it，句子仍然成立。举例：
(1) It was Li Lei's brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李雷的兄弟。
本句若将 It was 及 that 同时省去为：You met Li Lei's brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样成立，因此这是强调句。
(2) It is important that teachers respect their students. 老师尊重学生这件事情很重要。
本句若将 It is 及 that 同时省去为：Important teachers respect their students. 显然句子错误；但若将 that 与后面部分代替形式主语 it，则为：That teachers respect their students is important. 句子成立，因此这是主语从句。
酒精相关癌症
2007 年，世界癌症研究基金会以确凿的证据证明饮酒是造成男性口腔癌的确定性原因。此外，酒精很可能是导致肝细胞癌和结肠直肠癌风险增加的原因。同时，饮酒与肺癌风险增加之间也存在密切相关性。
2015 年，世界癌症研究基金会将酒精与肝细胞癌之间的关系升级为可信服的证据确定的因果关系。2016 年的一份荟萃分析报告表明，2012 年全球所有新发癌症中的 5.5％和所有癌症死亡人数的 5.8％归因于喝酒，意味着喝酒是世界范围内一个重要的致癌因素。
世界卫生组织下属的国际癌症研究机构（IARC）已将酒精分类为一级致癌物。同时综合各方证据认为酒精是导致口腔癌、咽癌、喉癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、肝细胞癌和女性乳腺癌的原因。这七个部位的癌症也被合称酒精相关癌症。随着研究的深入，酒精相关癌症的名单可能还会不断加长。
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