單字

Apparatus 

an organization or system, especially a political one:

a set of equipment or tools or a machine that is used for a particular purpose:

[Example]He performs on different pieces of apparatus.

He operated the pieces of apparatus.

Plasticity 

the quality of being soft enough to be changed into a new shape

[Example]Some of the earliest observations of this sort of adaptability or plasticity.

The plasticity is important for leadership. 

Presbyopia  

a condition in which someone finds it difficult to focus the eyes on things that are near, especially when there is not much light, which usually gets worse with age

[Example]The official name of the condition is presbyopia.

My mom got presbyopia, and she have to wear the special thick glasses. 

Discern 

to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear:

[Example]It allowed them to discern smaller details.

If you had presbyopia, you would discern the figure on the book.

Summary

In a nutshell, human brain can be adjusted by adopting the propertraining. The brain can either change the structure or the signaltransformation.

大意

本段主要是以學術的角度分別舉了不同例子來闡述腦部可以因為訓練改變的。主要英國有計程車司機以及大腦去讀取眼中所見的方式。