一、C++ 标准库的算法

1. 语言层面：

Container  is  Class template

Algorithm  is  function template

Iterator  is  class template

Functor is  class template

Adapter is class template

Allocator is class template

Algorithm 需要充iterator 获取相关容器的信息；

二、iterator分类

1. struct  input_iterator_tag{}

2. struct output_iterator_tag{}

3. struct forward_iterator_tag: public input_itertator_tag{}

4. struct bidirectional_iterator_tag:public forward_iterator_tag{}

5. struct random_access_iterator_tag:public bidirectional_iterator_tag{}

算法通过迭代器来访问相关数据， 通过iterator_traits获取iterator相关参数

三、算法

1. 形式如： 

template <typename Iterator>

std::Algorithm(Iterator itr1, Iterator itr2, ...)

{ ... }

常用算法： 

1. accumulate;

2. for_each

3. replace, replace_if , replace_copy

4. count , count_if

5. find, find_if

6. sort

7. reverse iterator, rbegin, rend

8. binary_search

9. functors: binary_function<T, T, T>, unary_function<T, T>

四、Adapters

1. 容器适配器

stack，queue对于deque

2. 函数适配器： 将函数， 仿函数（类operator()）做为参数传入

binder2nd

not1 

bind （C++11）

3. 迭代器重载

reverse_iterator

inserter

ostream_iterator

istream iterator