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iOS NSPredicate的学习讲解

iOS NSPredicate的学习讲解

作者: CodingIran | 来源:发表于2016-06-29 21:35 被阅读119次

    iOS Predicate 即谓词逻辑。和数据库的SQL语句具有相似性,都是从数据堆中根据条件进行筛选。

    使用场景:

    1. NSPredicate给我留下最深印象的是两个数组求交集的一个需求,如果按照一般写法,需要2个遍历,但NSArray提供了一个filterUsingPredicate的方法,用了NSPredicate,就可以不用遍历!
    2. 在存储自定义对象的数组中,可以根据条件查询数组中满足条件的对象。
    

    首先熟悉Predicate:

    NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1,@2,@3,@5,@5,@6,@7, nil];
    NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@4,@5, nil];
    ***// 表示筛选array1在array2中的元素!YES!其中SELF指向filteredArrayUsingPredicate的调用者。***
    /*测试方案:
    NSPredicate *predicate1 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF  in %@",array2];
    NSArray *temp1 = [array1 filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate1];
    //表示array1在array2中元素
    结果:
    2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
    2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
    
    NSPredicate *predicate2 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF  in %@",array1];
    NSArray *temp1 = [array2 filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate1];
    结果:
    2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
    */
    NSPredicate *predicate1 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF  in %@",array2];
    NSArray *temp1 = [array1 filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate1];
    [temp1 enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
    NSLog(@"temp1 = %@",obj);
    }];
    /*
    2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
    2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
    */
    

    基本语法

    比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!=

    可用于数值及字符串

    #pragma mark 测试Predicate的比较功能
     - (void)testPredicateComparation{
        /*
         (1)比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!=
         可用于数值及字符串
         例:@"number > 100"
         */
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1,@2,@3,@4,@5,@2,@6, nil];
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF >4"];
        NSArray *fliterArray = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        [fliterArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent usingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
            NSLog(@"fliterArray = %@",obj);
        }];
    }
    

    范围运算符:IN、BETWEEN

    例:@"number BETWEEN {1,5}"
    @"address IN {'shanghai','beijing'}"
    
    #pragma mark Predicate范围运算功能
     - (void)testPredicateRange{
        /*
         (2)范围运算符:IN、BETWEEN
         例:@"number BETWEEN {1,5}"
         @"address IN {'shanghai','beijing'}"
         */
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1,@2,@3,@4,@5,@2,@6, nil];
        //NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF in {2,5}"]; 找到 in 的意思是array中{2,5}的元素
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF BETWEEN {2,5}"];
        NSArray *fliterArray = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        [fliterArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent usingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
            NSLog(@"fliterArray = %@",obj);
        }];
    }
    

    字符串本身:SELF

    例:@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"
    
     #pragma  mark Predicate 与自身相比的功能
     - (void)testPredicateComparationToSelf{
        /*
         (3)字符串本身:SELF
         例:@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"
         */
        
        NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF == 'Beijing'"];
        NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        [tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
            NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
        }];   
    }
    

    字符串相关:BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS

    例:@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'"  //包含某个字符串
    @"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'"    //以某个字符串开头
    @"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'"      //以某个字符串结束
    注:[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写,也不区分发音符号。
    
    #pragma mark Predicate 字符串相关:BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
     - (void)testPredicateRelateToNSString{
        /*
         (4)字符串相关:BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
         例:@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'"   //包含某个字符串
         @"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'"     //以某个字符串开头
         @"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'"      //以某个字符串结束
         注:[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写,也不区分发音符号。
         */
        NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF CONTAINS [cd] 'an' "];
       // NSPredicate *predicate1 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF Beginswith [cd] 'sh' "];
    
        NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        [tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
            NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
        }];   
    }
    

    通配符:LIKE

    例:@"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"    //*代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
    @"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"
    
    #pragma mark Predicate 的通配
     - (void)testPredicateWildcard{
        /*
         (5)通配符:LIKE
         例:@"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"    
         //  *代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
         @"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"
         */
        NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF  like '*ai*' "];
        
        NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        [tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
            NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
        }];
    }
    

    具体代码见git:https://github.com/jiulin/NSPredicateDemo
    期待和你一起学习!

    原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/b2694972863e
    著作权归作者所有,转载请联系作者获得授权,并标注“简书作者”。

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