iOS Predicate 即谓词逻辑。和数据库的SQL语句具有相似性,都是从数据堆中根据条件进行筛选。
使用场景:
1. NSPredicate给我留下最深印象的是两个数组求交集的一个需求,如果按照一般写法,需要2个遍历,但NSArray提供了一个filterUsingPredicate的方法,用了NSPredicate,就可以不用遍历!
2. 在存储自定义对象的数组中,可以根据条件查询数组中满足条件的对象。
首先熟悉Predicate:
NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1,@2,@3,@5,@5,@6,@7, nil];
NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@4,@5, nil];
***// 表示筛选array1在array2中的元素!YES!其中SELF指向filteredArrayUsingPredicate的调用者。***
/*测试方案:
NSPredicate *predicate1 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF in %@",array2];
NSArray *temp1 = [array1 filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate1];
//表示array1在array2中元素
结果:
2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
NSPredicate *predicate2 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF in %@",array1];
NSArray *temp1 = [array2 filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate1];
结果:
2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
*/
NSPredicate *predicate1 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF in %@",array2];
NSArray *temp1 = [array1 filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate1];
[temp1 enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"temp1 = %@",obj);
}];
/*
2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
2015-11-08 10:55:19.879 NSPredicateDemo[11595:166012] obj ==5
*/
基本语法
比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!=
可用于数值及字符串
#pragma mark 测试Predicate的比较功能
- (void)testPredicateComparation{
/*
(1)比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!=
可用于数值及字符串
例:@"number > 100"
*/
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1,@2,@3,@4,@5,@2,@6, nil];
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF >4"];
NSArray *fliterArray = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
[fliterArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent usingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"fliterArray = %@",obj);
}];
}
范围运算符:IN、BETWEEN
例:@"number BETWEEN {1,5}"
@"address IN {'shanghai','beijing'}"
#pragma mark Predicate范围运算功能
- (void)testPredicateRange{
/*
(2)范围运算符:IN、BETWEEN
例:@"number BETWEEN {1,5}"
@"address IN {'shanghai','beijing'}"
*/
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1,@2,@3,@4,@5,@2,@6, nil];
//NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF in {2,5}"]; 找到 in 的意思是array中{2,5}的元素
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF BETWEEN {2,5}"];
NSArray *fliterArray = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
[fliterArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent usingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"fliterArray = %@",obj);
}];
}
字符串本身:SELF
例:@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"
#pragma mark Predicate 与自身相比的功能
- (void)testPredicateComparationToSelf{
/*
(3)字符串本身:SELF
例:@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"
*/
NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF == 'Beijing'"];
NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
[tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
}];
}
字符串相关:BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
例:@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'" //包含某个字符串
@"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'" //以某个字符串开头
@"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'" //以某个字符串结束
注:[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写,也不区分发音符号。
#pragma mark Predicate 字符串相关:BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
- (void)testPredicateRelateToNSString{
/*
(4)字符串相关:BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
例:@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'" //包含某个字符串
@"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'" //以某个字符串开头
@"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'" //以某个字符串结束
注:[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写,也不区分发音符号。
*/
NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF CONTAINS [cd] 'an' "];
// NSPredicate *predicate1 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF Beginswith [cd] 'sh' "];
NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
[tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
}];
}
通配符:LIKE
例:@"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'" //*代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
@"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"
#pragma mark Predicate 的通配
- (void)testPredicateWildcard{
/*
(5)通配符:LIKE
例:@"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"
// *代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
@"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"
*/
NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF like '*ai*' "];
NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
[tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
}];
}
具体代码见git:https://github.com/jiulin/NSPredicateDemo
期待和你一起学习!
原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/b2694972863e
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