IOS NSPredicate 查询、搜索
简述：Cocoa框架中的NSPredicate用于查询，原理和用法都类似于SQL中的where，作用相当于数据库的过滤取。
最常用到的函数
- (NSPredicate *)predicateWithFormat:(NSString *)predicateFormat, ...;
1.比较运算符 > 、< 、== 、 >= 、<= 、 !=
例：@"number >= 99"
2.范围运算符：IN 、BETWEEN
例：@"number BETWEEN {1,5}"
@"address IN {'shanghai','nanjing'}"
3.字符串本身:SELF
例：@"SELF == 'APPLE'"
4.字符串相关：BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
例：@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'" //包含某个字符串
@"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'" //以某个字符串开头
@"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'" //以某个字符串结束
注:[c]不区分大小写 , [d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号 , [cd]既不区分大小写，也不区分发音符号。
5.通配符：LIKE
例：@"name LIKE[cd] 'er'" //代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
@"name LIKE[cd] '???er'"
6.正则表达式：MATCHES
例：NSString *regex = @"^A.+e$"; //以A开头，e结尾
@"name MATCHES %@",regex
实际应用:对NSArray进行过滤
NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:@"beijing",@"shanghai",@"guangzou",@"wuhan", nil];
NSString *string = @"ang";
NSPredicate *pred = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF CONTAINS %@",string];
NSLog(@"%@",[array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:pred]);
实际应用:判断字符串首字母是否为字母
NSString *regex = @"[A-Za-z]+";
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", regex];
if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:aString]) {
}
实际应用:字符串替换
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NSError* error = NULL;
NSRegularExpression* regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"(encoding=")[^"]+(")"
options:0
error:&error];
NSString* sample = @"<xml encoding="abc"></xml><xml encoding="def"></xml><xml encoding="ttt"></xml>";
NSLog(@"Start:%@",sample);
NSString* result = [regex stringByReplacingMatchesInString:sample
options:0
range:NSMakeRange(0, sample.length)
withTemplate:@"$1utf-8$2"];
NSLog(@"Result:%@", result);
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实际应用:截取字符串
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//组装一个字符串，需要把里面的网址解析出来
NSString *urlString=@"<meta/><link/><title>1Q84 BOOK1</title></head><body>";
//NSRegularExpression类里面调用表达的方法需要传递一个NSError的参数。下面定义一个
NSError *error;
//http+:[^\s]* 这个表达式是检测一个网址的。(?<=title>).*(?=</title)截取html文章中的<title></title>中内文字的正则表达式
NSRegularExpression regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"(?<=title\>).(?=</title)" options:0 error:&error];
if (regex != nil) {
NSTextCheckingResult *firstMatch=[regex firstMatchInString:urlString options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [urlString length])];
if (firstMatch) {
NSRange resultRange = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];
//从urlString当中截取数据
NSString *result=[urlString substringWithRange:resultRange];
//输出结果
NSLog(@"->%@<-",result);
}
}
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实际应用:判断手机号码，电话号码函数
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// 正则判断手机号码地址格式
-
(BOOL)isMobileNumber:(NSString )mobileNum
{
/*
* 手机号码
* 移动：134[0-8],135,136,137,138,139,150,151,157,158,159,182,187,188
* 联通：130,131,132,152,155,156,185,186
* 电信：133,1349,153,180,189
/
NSString * MOBILE = @"^1(3[0-9]|5[0-35-9]|8[025-9])\d{8}$";
/*
10 * 中国移动：China Mobile
11 * 134[0-8],135,136,137,138,139,150,151,157,158,159,182,187,188
12 /
NSString * CM = @"^1(34[0-8]|(3[5-9]|5[017-9]|8[278])\d)\d{7}$";
/*
15 * 中国联通：China Unicom
16 * 130,131,132,152,155,156,185,186
17 /
NSString * CU = @"^1(3[0-2]|5[256]|8[56])\d{8}$";
/*
20 * 中国电信：China Telecom
21 * 133,1349,153,180,189
22 /
NSString * CT = @"^1((33|53|8[09])[0-9]|349)\d{7}$";
/*
25 * 大陆地区固话及小灵通
26 * 区号：010,020,021,022,023,024,025,027,028,029
27 * 号码：七位或八位
28 */
// NSString * PHS = @"^0(10|2[0-5789]|\d{3})\d{7,8}$";NSPredicate *regextestmobile = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", MOBILE];
NSPredicate *regextestcm = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CM];
NSPredicate *regextestcu = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CU];
NSPredicate *regextestct = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CT];if (([regextestmobile evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
|| ([regextestcm evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
|| ([regextestct evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
|| ([regextestcu evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES))
{
if([regextestcm evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES) {
NSLog(@"China Mobile");
} else if([regextestct evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES) {
NSLog(@"China Telecom");
} else if ([regextestcu evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES) {
NSLog(@"China Unicom");
} else {
NSLog(@"Unknow");
}return YES;}
else
{
return NO;
}
}
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实际应用:邮箱验证、电话号码验证
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//是否是有效的正则表达式
+(BOOL)isValidateRegularExpression:(NSString *)strDestination byExpression:(NSString *)strExpression
{
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", strExpression];
return [predicate evaluateWithObject:strDestination];
}
//验证email
+(BOOL)isValidateEmail:(NSString *)email {
NSString *strRegex = @"[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{1,5}";
BOOL rt = [CommonTools isValidateRegularExpression:email byExpression:strRegex];
return rt;
}
//验证电话号码
+(BOOL)isValidateTelNumber:(NSString *)number {
NSString *strRegex = @"[0-9]{1,20}";
BOOL rt = [CommonTools isValidateRegularExpression:number byExpression:strRegex];
return rt;
}
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实际应用:NSDate进行筛选
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//日期在十天之内:
NSDate endDate = [[NSDate date] retain];
NSTimeInterval timeInterval= [endDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];
timeInterval -=360024*10;
NSDate *beginDate = [[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceReferenceDate:timeInterval] retain];
//对coredata进行筛选(假设有fetchRequest)
NSPredicate *predicate_date =
[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"date >= %@ AND date <= %@", beginDate,endDate];
[fetchRequest setPredicate:predicate_date];
//释放retained的对象
[endDate release];
[beginDate release];
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