iOS GCD(六)线程加锁

作者: 你好哈喽哈喽 | 来源:发表于2020-06-11 16:36 被阅读0次

iOS GCD(六)线程加锁
iOS GCD(六)线程加锁
iOS-面试题3-多线程
iOS多线程：『GCD』详尽总结
GCD练习
iOS多线程(一)-GCD
[iOS 多线程] iOS多线程-GCD
iOS多线程相关面试题
多线程之--NSOperation
iOS多线程之--NSThread

线程枷锁分为九种方式可以参考以上链接，我们只详细的讲解其中三种 semaphore， NSLock，@synchronized

需要对线程加锁的原因很多接下来我们只讲其中一种情况:
当多条线程同时编辑一个任务时所造成的数据错乱
举例说明：两个火车票销售窗口共同销售车站总共的50张车票。看代码你最明白。

错误案例：

/**

非线程安全：不使用 semaphore
初始化火车票数量、卖票窗口(非线程安全)、并开始卖票
*/

(void)initTicketStatusNotSave {
NSLog(@"currentThread---%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // 打印当前线程
NSLog(@"semaphore---begin");

self.ticketSurplusCount = 50;

// queue1 代表北京火车票售卖窗口
dispatch_queue_t queue1 = dispatch_queue_create("net.bujige.testQueue1", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
// queue2 代表上海火车票售卖窗口
dispatch_queue_t queue2 = dispatch_queue_create("net.bujige.testQueue2", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);

__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
dispatch_async(queue1, ^{
[weakSelf saleTicketNotSafe];
});

dispatch_async(queue2, ^{
[weakSelf saleTicketNotSafe];
});
}

/**

售卖火车票(非线程安全)
*/

(void)saleTicketNotSafe {
while (1) {

  if (self.ticketSurplusCount > 0) {  //如果还有票，继续售卖
      self.ticketSurplusCount--;
      NSLog(@"%@", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"剩余票数：%d 窗口：%@", self.ticketSurplusCount, [NSThread currentThread]]);
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];
  } else { //如果已卖完，关闭售票窗口
      NSLog(@"所有火车票均已售完");
      break;
  }

}
}

输出结果（部分）：
2018-02-23 22:25:35.789072+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20712:5258914] currentThread---<NSThread: 0x604000068880>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-02-23 22:25:35.789260+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20712:5258914] semaphore---begin
2018-02-23 22:25:35.789641+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20712:5259176] 剩余票数：48 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000027db80>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:25:35.789646+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20712:5259175] 剩余票数：49 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000027e740>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:25:35.994113+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20712:5259175] 剩余票数：47 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000027e740>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:25:35.994129+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20712:5259176] 剩余票数：46 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000027db80>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:25:36.198993+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20712:5259176] 剩余票数：45 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000027db80>{number = 3, name = (null)}

可以看到在不考虑线程安全，不使用 semaphore 的情况下，得到票数是错乱的，这样显然不符合我们的需求，所以我们需要考虑线程安全问题。防止两条线程同时对此任务进行编辑，每次只能有一条线程执行此任务。所以就用到了线程加锁

加锁方式一 dispatch_semaphore 自旋锁

@interface ViewController (){
NSInteger _ticketSurplusCount;
dispatch_semaphore_t _semaphoreLock;
NSLock _lock;
}
@end
/*

线程安全：使用 semaphore 加锁
初始化火车票数量、卖票窗口(线程安全)、并开始卖票
*/

(void)initTicketStatusSave {
NSLog(@"currentThread---%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // 打印当前线程
NSLog(@"semaphore---begin");

semaphoreLock = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);

self.ticketSurplusCount = 50;

// queue1 代表北京火车票售卖窗口
dispatch_queue_t queue1 = dispatch_queue_create("net.bujige.testQueue1", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
// queue2 代表上海火车票售卖窗口
dispatch_queue_t queue2 = dispatch_queue_create("net.bujige.testQueue2", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);

__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
dispatch_async(queue1, ^{
[weakSelf saleTicketSafe];
});

dispatch_async(queue2, ^{
[weakSelf saleTicketSafe];
});
}

/**

售卖火车票(线程安全)
*/

(void)saleTicketSafe {
while (1) {
// 相当于加锁
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphoreLock, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);

  if (self.ticketSurplusCount > 0) {  //如果还有票，继续售卖
      self.ticketSurplusCount--;
      NSLog(@"%@", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"剩余票数：%d 窗口：%@", self.ticketSurplusCount, [NSThread currentThread]]);
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];
  } else { //如果已卖完，关闭售票窗口
      NSLog(@"所有火车票均已售完");
      
      // 相当于解锁
      dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphoreLock);
      break;
  }
  
  // 相当于解锁
  dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphoreLock);

}
}

输出结果为：
2018-02-23 22:32:19.814232+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290531] currentThread---<NSThread: 0x6000000783c0>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-02-23 22:32:19.814412+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290531] semaphore---begin
2018-02-23 22:32:19.814837+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290687] 剩余票数：49 窗口：<NSThread: 0x6040002709c0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:32:20.017745+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290689] 剩余票数：48 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000046c640>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:32:20.222039+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290687] 剩余票数：47 窗口：<NSThread: 0x6040002709c0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
......
2018-02-23 22:32:29.024817+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290689] 剩余票数：4 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000046c640>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:32:29.230110+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290687] 剩余票数：3 窗口：<NSThread: 0x6040002709c0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:32:29.433615+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290689] 剩余票数：2 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000046c640>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:32:29.637572+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290687] 剩余票数：1 窗口：<NSThread: 0x6040002709c0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:32:29.840234+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290689] 剩余票数：0 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000046c640>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-02-23 22:32:30.044960+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290687] 所有火车票均已售完
2018-02-23 22:32:30.045260+0800 YSC-GCD-demo[20862:5290689] 所有火车票均已售完

加锁方式二 @synchronized 互斥锁

/**

线程安全：使用 semaphore 加锁
初始化火车票数量、卖票窗口(线程安全)、并开始卖票
*/

(void)initTicketStatusSave {
NSLog(@"currentThread---%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // 打印当前线程
NSLog(@"semaphore---begin");

_semaphoreLock = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);

_ticketSurplusCount = 50;

// queue1 代表北京火车票售卖窗口
dispatch_queue_t queue1 = dispatch_queue_create("net.bujige.testQueue1", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
// queue2 代表上海火车票售卖窗口
dispatch_queue_t queue2 = dispatch_queue_create("net.bujige.testQueue2", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);

__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
dispatch_async(queue1, ^{
[weakSelf saleTicketSafe];
});

dispatch_async(queue2, ^{
[weakSelf saleTicketSafe];
});
}

/**

售卖火车票(线程安全)
*/

(void)saleTicketSafe {
while (1) {
// 相当于加锁
@synchronized(self) {
if (self.ticketSurplusCount > 0) { //如果还有票，继续售卖
self.ticketSurplusCount--;
NSLog(@"%@", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"剩余票数：%d 窗口：%@", _ticketSurplusCount, [NSThread currentThread]]);
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];
} else { //如果已卖完，关闭售票窗口
NSLog(@"所有火车票均已售完");
break;
}
}
}
}

输出结果为:
2018-04-27 14:58:49.255255+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：8 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.459695+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 剩余票数：6 窗口：<NSThread: 0x600000270480>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.459695+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：7 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.663997+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：5 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.664065+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 剩余票数：4 窗口：<NSThread: 0x600000270480>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.868848+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：3 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.869419+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 剩余票数：2 窗口：<NSThread: 0x600000270480>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:50.072308+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：1 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:50.072308+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 剩余票数：0 窗口：<NSThread: 0x600000270480>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:50.276839+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 所有火车票均已售完
2018-04-27 14:58:50.276839+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 所有火车票均已售完

加锁方式三 NSLock

/**

线程安全：使用 semaphore 加锁
初始化火车票数量、卖票窗口(线程安全)、并开始卖票
*/

(void)initTicketStatusSave {
NSLog(@"currentThread---%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // 打印当前线程
NSLog(@"semaphore---begin");

_semaphoreLock = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);

_ticketSurplusCount = 50;

// queue1 代表北京火车票售卖窗口
dispatch_queue_t queue1 = dispatch_queue_create("net.bujige.testQueue1", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
// queue2 代表上海火车票售卖窗口
dispatch_queue_t queue2 = dispatch_queue_create("net.bujige.testQueue2", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);

__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
dispatch_async(queue1, ^{
[weakSelf saleTicketSafe];
});

dispatch_async(queue2, ^{
[weakSelf saleTicketSafe];
});
}

/**

售卖火车票(线程安全)
*/

(void)saleTicketSafe {
while (1) {
// 相当于加锁
[_lock lock];
if (self.ticketSurplusCount > 0) { //如果还有票，继续售卖
self.ticketSurplusCount--;
NSLog(@"%@", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"剩余票数：%d 窗口：%@", _ticketSurplusCount, [NSThread currentThread]]);
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];
} else { //如果已卖完，关闭售票窗口
NSLog(@"所有火车票均已售完");
break;
}
[_lock unlock];
}
}

输出结果为:
2018-04-27 14:58:49.255255+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：8 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.459695+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 剩余票数：6 窗口：<NSThread: 0x600000270480>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.459695+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：7 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.663997+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：5 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.664065+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 剩余票数：4 窗口：<NSThread: 0x600000270480>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.868848+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：3 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:49.869419+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 剩余票数：2 窗口：<NSThread: 0x600000270480>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:50.072308+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 剩余票数：1 窗口：<NSThread: 0x60000026fec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:50.072308+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 剩余票数：0 窗口：<NSThread: 0x600000270480>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-04-27 14:58:50.276839+0700 GCD[86633:4440148] 所有火车票均已售完
2018-04-27 14:58:50.276839+0700 GCD[86633:4440145] 所有火车票均已售完

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