1. 问题
Linux的/tmp
目录想必都用过
The
/tmp
directory in Linux based systems contains necessary files that are temporarily required by the system as well as other software and applications running on the machine.
使用tomcat的人可能遇到, IOException: The temporary upload location xxx is not valid
使用hadoop的人可能遇到, /tmp/hadoop-xxx.pid, No such file
那么文件去哪儿呢?
2. 分析
为了防止系统磁盘被/tmp
耗尽, 需要定时清理, 于是出现了误删操作
3. 原理
centos7通过systemd-tmpfiles
实现, 清理的动作来自systemd-tmpfiles-clean
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep tmpfile
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service static
systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service static
systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service static
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer static
3.1. 本质
本质是执行/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean
man systemd-tmpfiles
--clean
If this option is passed, all files and directories with an age parameter configured will be cleaned up.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl cat systemd-tmpfiles-clean
[Unit]
Description=Cleanup of Temporary Directories
Documentation=man:tmpfiles.d(5) man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)
DefaultDependencies=no
Conflicts=shutdown.target
After=systemd-readahead-collect.service systemd-readahead-replay.service local-fs.target time-sync.target
Before=shutdown.target
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean
IOSchedulingClass=idle
3.2. 清理的对象
既然是清理, 那么哪些应该清理, 哪些应该保留呢?
配置文件路径/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d
, /etc/tmpfiles.d
, 其中/etc/tmpfiles.d
优先级更高, 用户通过修改此处文件实现覆盖
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/
total 68
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 464 Nov 6 2016 etc.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 39 Nov 5 2016 initscripts.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1181 Nov 6 2016 legacy.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 34 Mar 31 2020 libselinux.conf
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 61 Nov 11 2016 lvm2.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 110 Nov 5 2016 pam.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 Jan 26 2014 ppp.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16 Nov 5 2016 python.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 22 Nov 5 2016 rpm.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 228 Nov 6 2016 sap.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 137 Nov 16 2020 selinux-policy.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1393 Nov 6 2016 systemd.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 496 Nov 6 2016 systemd-nologin.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 638 Nov 6 2016 tmp.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56 Jun 16 2016 tuned.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 563 Nov 6 2016 var.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 623 Nov 6 2016 x11.conf
3.3. 清理策略
知道清理的对象后, 下一步应当如何清理呢, 清理的规则是什么?
我们看下/tmp
的规则
/tmp
保留10天, /var/tmp
目录保留30天 (起始时间取文件/目录的创建/访问/修改的最新时间)
规则的具体含义, 请查阅man tmpfiles.d
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf
v /tmp 1777 root root 10d
v /var/tmp 1777 root root 30d
# Exclude namespace mountpoints created with PrivateTmp=yes
x /tmp/systemd-private-%b-*
X /tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp
x /var/tmp/systemd-private-%b-*
X /var/tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp
3.4. 何时执行
执行周期由systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer
决定
默认是从服务器启动后15分钟作起点, 每隔1天执行一次
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl cat systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer
# /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
[Unit]
Description=Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories
Documentation=man:tmpfiles.d(5) man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)
[Timer]
OnBootSec=15min
OnUnitActiveSec=1d
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