第二章 名词短语与冠词#

名词短语

• 英语是拼音文字，所以用词尾的变化来表示单复数，在名词短语的开头，还有一些符号来配合表示该名词的范围，称为“限定词”
• 三部分组成：1.限定词；2.形容词；3.名词。每个部分均可以省略。

什么时候不用限定词

• 从语源学的角度分析， 冠词a(an) 可以视为one 的弱化的结果。也就是说a 就代表着one的意思，但是语气较为弱。
• 除了复数以外，抽象名词没有具体形状，不能以一个来表示。物质名词（water， food）虽然有具体的形状但是形状不固定，已不能以一个来表示。

专有名词

• 人名，地名等都是，因为它们所代表的对象只有一个，不能加a

定冠词The 的用法

• 从语源学的角度，the 可视为that 或 those的弱化形式。而that或those是用来指示形容词，有明确的指示功能。

• 凡是上下文中有明指或暗示时，也就是由“那个”的指示功能时，便要用定冠词the

• I need a book to read on my trip

• I have finished the book you lent me.

1. E.g. The carpenter repaired the legs of the table.
2. Mr.smith has three shoe stores under his name.
3. The house sits on a twelve-foot-wide road.
4. These men and women are all language teachers.

• The prime minister is the real ruler and the prince is merely a nobody.
• Living in the city, he was always being annoyed by noises of one sort or another.
• Writing is one thing and talking is another.
• The majority of the Members of Parliament are men, but there are quite a few women, of course.
• This is what he said: Don't go out!
• Whether you serve coffee or tea doesn't matter; either will do.
• As we have finished the first character, now we will read the second.
• He has two daughters; one is a singer and the other an actress.
• He asked if eighty dollars was enough, and I said that another twenty would do.
• Mary, alto of the troupe, was strongly against smoking.
• This kind of ball-pen holds less ink than that.
• John works harder than all other boy in his class.
• I was told to take the pills every six hours.
• The man was badly wounded, but there could still be a little hope.
• Most of these people are going to the concert.