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opencv (C++)图像访问的两种方式

opencv (C++)图像访问的两种方式

作者: 1037号森林里一段干木头 | 来源:发表于2021-01-12 15:20 被阅读0次

简介:opencv c++里面访问像素数据的方法不是很直观,不像python里面直接img[i,j]就可以,在c++中还需要考虑数据类型,和图片通道数,在此整理记录,造个轮子。综合来看采用指针访问的速度是最快的,在使用时尽量用指针方式去处理图片。

1. opencv图片数据类型定义:

  • 单通道的基本数据类型定义
        Mat_<uchar>-------- - CV_8U
        Mat<char>---------- - CV_8S
        Nat_<short>-------- - CV_16S
        Mat_<ushort>--------CV_16U
        Mat_<int>---------- - CV_32S
        Mat_<float>----------CV_32F
        Mat_<double>--------CV_64F

opencv中的图片数据类型中常看到CV_8UC1、CV_8UC3这种写法,8U 表示uchar, C表示的是channel通道数,C1表示只有一个通道,C3表示有三个通道。

  • 多通道的vector 类型定义
typedef Vec<uchar, 2> Vec2b;
typedef Vec<uchar, 3> Vec3b;
typedef Vec<uchar, 4> Vec4b;

typedef Vec<short, 2> Vec2s;
typedef Vec<short, 3> Vec3s;
typedef Vec<short, 4> Vec4s;

typedef Vec<ushort, 2> Vec2w;
typedef Vec<ushort, 3> Vec3w;
typedef Vec<ushort, 4> Vec4w;

typedef Vec<int, 2> Vec2i;
typedef Vec<int, 3> Vec3i;
typedef Vec<int, 4> Vec4i;
typedef Vec<int, 6> Vec6i;
typedef Vec<int, 8> Vec8i;

typedef Vec<float, 2> Vec2f;
typedef Vec<float, 3> Vec3f;
typedef Vec<float, 4> Vec4f;
typedef Vec<float, 6> Vec6f;

typedef Vec<double, 2> Vec2d;
typedef Vec<double, 3> Vec3d;
typedef Vec<double, 4> Vec4d;
typedef Vec<double, 6> Vec6d;

2.Mat.at<type>(i,j)访问方式:

  • 对单通道的图,比如图像类型是CV_8UC1,这是最常见的灰度图形式,uchar类型,用img.at<type>时type就是uchar,如下:
    cv::Mat img = cv::Mat::zeros(cv::Size(w, h), CV_8UC1);
    
    //mat.at<i,j> 按像素访问
    for (int i = 0; i < img.rows; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < img.cols; j++)
        {
            img.at<uchar>(i, j) = 255;
        }
    }
    
  • 对多通道的图,如图像类型是CV_64FC3,这表示的是一个用double类型存储的三通道图,用img.at<type>()访问时,type就是Vec3d,如下:
    cv::Mat img2 = cv::Mat::zeros(cv::Size(w, h), CV_64FC3);
    
    //mat.at 访问方式
    for (int i = 0; i < img2.rows; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < img2.cols; j++)
        {
            img2.at<cv::Vec3d>(i, j)[0] = 125;//B channel
            img2.at<cv::Vec3d>(i, j)[1] = 100;//G channel
            img2.at<cv::Vec3d>(i, j)[2] = 255;//R channel
        }
    }
    

2. 指针访问方式:

  • 对单通道的图,比如图像类型是CV_8UC1,这是最常见的灰度图形式,uchar类型,img.ptr<type> 的type就是uchar
    cv::Mat img = cv::Mat::zeros(cv::Size(w, h), CV_8UC1);
    uchar *ptr = img.ptr<uchar>(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < img.rows; i++)
    {
        ptr = img.ptr<uchar>(i);//ptr指向第i行数据的首地址
        for (int j = 0; j < img.cols; j++)
        {
            *ptr = 127;
            ptr++;//ptr移动到下一个地址
        }
    }
  • 对多通道图,比如类型为CV_64FC3,这表示用double类型存储的三通道图
    cv::Mat img2 = cv::Mat::zeros(cv::Size(w, h), CV_64FC3);
    
    //mat.at 访问方式
    double *ptr2 = img2.ptr<double>(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < img2.rows; i++)
    {
        ptr2 = img2.ptr<double>(i);//ptr指向第i行数据的首地址
        for (int j = 0; j < img2.cols; j++)
        {

            *ptr2++ = 255;//B channel
            *ptr2++ = 127;//G channel
            *ptr2++ = 0;//R channel
            //注:*ptr++ = 255;//是先对(*ptr)赋值为255 然后再把ptr指向下一个位置。
            
        }
    }
  • 指针访问方式,直接访问指定位置(i,j)
    double *ptr3 = img2.ptr<double>(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < img2.rows; i++)
    {
        ptr3 = img2.ptr<double>(i);//ptr指向第i行数据的首地址
        for (int j = 0; j < img2.cols; j++)
        {

            *(ptr3 + 3*j) = 0;//B channel
            *(ptr3 + 3*j + 1) = 120;//G channel
            *(ptr3 + 3*j + 2) = 120;//R channel
        }
    } 

附录

  • 完整代码
#include <opencv.hpp>
int main()
{
    int h = 300;
    int w = 200;
    /*
        Mat_<uchar>-------- - CV_8U
        Mat<char>---------- - CV_8S
        Nat_<short>-------- - CV_16S
        Mat_<ushort>--------CV_16U
        Mat_<int>---------- - CV_32S
        Mat_<float>----------CV_32F
        Mat_<double>--------CV_64F
    */
    //单通道图的访问
    cv::Mat img = cv::Mat::zeros(cv::Size(w, h), CV_8UC1);
    cv::imshow("img", img);
    cv::waitKey(0);

    //mat.at<i,j> 按像素访问
    for (int i = 0; i < img.rows; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < img.cols; j++)
        {
            img.at<uchar>(i, j) = 255;
        }
    }
    cv::imshow("img", img);
    cv::waitKey(0);

    //用指针方式访问
    //初始化指针ptr指向img的数据的首地址
    uchar *ptr = img.ptr<uchar>(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < img.rows; i++)
    {
        ptr = img.ptr<uchar>(i);//ptr指向第i行数据的首地址
        for (int j = 0; j < img.cols; j++)
        {
            *ptr = 127;
            ptr++;//ptr移动到下一个地址
        }
    }

    cv::imshow("img", img);
    cv::waitKey(0);

    //三通道图的访问
    /*
typedef Vec<uchar, 2> Vec2b;
typedef Vec<uchar, 3> Vec3b;
typedef Vec<uchar, 4> Vec4b;

typedef Vec<short, 2> Vec2s;
typedef Vec<short, 3> Vec3s;
typedef Vec<short, 4> Vec4s;

typedef Vec<ushort, 2> Vec2w;
typedef Vec<ushort, 3> Vec3w;
typedef Vec<ushort, 4> Vec4w;

typedef Vec<int, 2> Vec2i;
typedef Vec<int, 3> Vec3i;
typedef Vec<int, 4> Vec4i;
typedef Vec<int, 6> Vec6i;
typedef Vec<int, 8> Vec8i;

typedef Vec<float, 2> Vec2f;
typedef Vec<float, 3> Vec3f;
typedef Vec<float, 4> Vec4f;
typedef Vec<float, 6> Vec6f;

typedef Vec<double, 2> Vec2d;
typedef Vec<double, 3> Vec3d;
typedef Vec<double, 4> Vec4d;
typedef Vec<double, 6> Vec6d;
    */
    cv::Mat img2 = cv::Mat::zeros(cv::Size(w, h), CV_64FC3);
    cv::imshow("img", img2);
    cv::waitKey(0);

    //mat.at 访问方式
    for (int i = 0; i < img2.rows; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < img2.cols; j++)
        {
            img2.at<cv::Vec3d>(i, j)[0] = 125;//B channel
            img2.at<cv::Vec3d>(i, j)[1] = 100;//G channel
            img2.at<cv::Vec3d>(i, j)[2] = 255;//R channel
        }
    }
    cv::imshow("img", img2);
    cv::waitKey(0);

    //指针访问方式
    //img2是CV_64FC3,表示的是double类型的三通道的图
    double *ptr2 = img2.ptr<double>(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < img2.rows; i++)
    {
        ptr2 = img2.ptr<double>(i);//ptr指向第i行数据的首地址
        for (int j = 0; j < img2.cols; j++)
        {

            *ptr2++ = 255;//B channel
            *ptr2++ = 127;//G channel
            *ptr2++ = 0;//R channel
            //注:*ptr++ = 255;//是先对(*ptr)赋值为255 然后再把ptr指向下一个位置。
            
        }
    }
    cv::imshow("img", img2);
    cv::waitKey(0);

    double *ptr3 = img2.ptr<double>(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < img2.rows; i++)
    {
        ptr3 = img2.ptr<double>(i);//ptr指向第i行数据的首地址
        for (int j = 0; j < img2.cols; j++)
        {

            *(ptr3 + 3*j) = 0;//B channel
            *(ptr3 + 3*j + 1) = 120;//G channel
            *(ptr3 + 3*j + 2) = 120;//R channel


        }
    } 
    cv::imshow("img", img2);
    cv::waitKey(0);

}

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