MEASUREMENT表包含检验检查记录，即对居民或居民的（组织）标本进行系统、规范的检查、检验，得到的结构化数据（数值或分类）。MEASUREMENT表包含医嘱和检验检查结果，例如实验室检查，生命体征，病理报告中的结构化数值等。
The MEASUREMENT table contains records of Measurement, i.e. structured values (numerical or categorical) obtained through systematic and standardized examination or testing of a Person or Person's sample. The MEASUREMENT table contains both orders and results of such Measurements as laboratory tests, vital signs, quantitative findings from pathology reports, etc.
| Field | Required | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| measurement_id | Yes | integer | A unique identifier for each Measurement. |
| 检验检查-标识符 | 每个检查检验的唯一标识符。 | ||
| person_id | Yes | integer | A foreign key identifier to the Person about whom the measurement was recorded. The demographic details of that Person are stored in the PERSON table. |
| 居民 - id | 外键，记录被检验检查的居民的标识符。该居民的人口统计学详细信息存储在PERSON表中。 | ||
| measurement_concept_id | Yes | integer | A foreign key to the standard measurement concept identifier in the Standardized Vocabularies. These belong to the 'Measurement' domain, but could overlap with the 'Observation' domain (see #3 below). |
| 检验检查-概念-id | - | - | 外键，标准词汇表中标准检验检查概念的标识符。属于“检验检查”域，但可能与“观察”域重叠（参阅下面的＃3）。 |
| measurement_date | No | date | The date of the Measurement. |
| 检验检查-日期 | - | - | 检验检查的日期。 |
| measurement_datetime | Yes | datetime | The date and time of the Measurement. Some database systems don't have a datatype of time. To accommodate all temporal analyses, datatype datetime can be used (combining measurement_date and measurement_time forum discussion) |
| 检验检查-日期时间 | - | - | 检验检查的日期和时间。某些源数据库的时间不是时间数据类型。为了适应所有时间相关的统计分析方法，可以使用数据类型datetime（结合measurement_date和measurement_time 论坛讨论） |
| measurement_time | No | varchar(10) | The time of the Measurement. This is present for backwards compatibility and will be deprecated in an upcoming version |
| 检验检查-时间 | - | - | 测量时间。此前是为了向前兼容而使用，将在后续推出的版本中弃用 |
| measurement_type_concept_id | Yes | integer | A foreign key to the predefined Concept in the Standardized Vocabularies reflecting the provenance from where the Measurement record was recorded. These belong to the 'Meas Type' vocabulary |
| 检验检查-类型-概念-id | - | - | 外键，标准词汇表中预定义概念，标识记录检验检查数据源文件。（译者按：例如红细胞计数对应的类型就是血常规），属于'Meas Type'术语集 |
| operator_concept_id | No | integer | A foreign key identifier to the predefined Concept in the Standardized Vocabularies reflecting the mathematical operator that is applied to the value_as_number. Operators are <, <=, =, >=, > and these concepts belong to the 'Meas Value Operator' domain. |
| 运算符-概念-id | - | - | 外键，标准词汇表中预定义概念的标识符，标识应用于value_as_number的数学运算符。运算符包括<，<=，=，> =，>，这些概念属于“Meas Value Operator”域。 |
| value_as_number | No | float | A Measurement result where the result is expressed as a numeric value. |
| 数据-计作-数值 | 结果表示为数值的检验检查结果 | ||
| value_as_concept_id | No | integer | A foreign key to a Measurement result represented as a Concept from the Standardized Vocabularies (e.g., positive/negative, present/absent, low/high, etc.). These belong to the 'Meas Value' domain |
| 数据-计作-概念-id | - | - | 外键，结果表示为标准词汇表中的概念（例如正/负，存在/不存在，低/高等）的检验检查结果。这些属于'Meas Value'域 |
| unit_concept_id | No | integer | A foreign key to a Standard Concept ID of Measurement Units in the Standardized Vocabularies that belong to the 'Unit' domain. |
| 单位-概念-id | - | - | 外键，标准词汇表中标识度量单位的标准概念ID，属于“Unit”域。 |
| range_low | No | float | The lower limit of the normal range of the Measurement result. The lower range is assumed to be of the same unit of measure as the Measurement value. |
| 阈值-低 | - | - | 测量结果的正常范围的下限。阈值下限的单位默认与检验检查的结果值相同。 |
| range_high | No | float | The upper limit of the normal range of the Measurement. The upper range is assumed to be of the same unit of measure as the Measurement value. |
| 阈值-高 | - | - | 测量结果的正常范围的上限。阈值上限的单位默认与检验检查的结果值相同。 |
| provider_id | No | integer | A foreign key to the provider in the PROVIDER table who was responsible for initiating or obtaining the measurement. |
| 贡献者-id | - | - | 外键，标识PROVIDER表中的贡献者，是发起检验检查的负责人或录入检验检查数据的人。 |
| visit_occurrence_id | No | integer | A foreign key to the Visit in the VISIT_OCCURRENCE table during which the Measurement was recorded. |
| 就诊-发生-id | - | - | 外键，标识在VISIT_OCCURRENCE表中的Visit（就诊），此表对应的就是该次就诊的检验检查结果。 |
| visit_detail_id | No | integer | A foreign key to the Visit Detail in the VISIT_DETAIL table during which the Measurement was recorded. |
| 就诊-详情-id | - | - | 外键，VISIT_DETAIL表中的Visit Detail（就诊详情），就是在此就诊期间记录了本表中的检验检查结果。 |
| measurement_source_value | No | varchar(50) | The Measurement name as it appears in the source data. This code is mapped to a Standard Concept in the Standardized Vocabularies and the original code is stored here for reference. |
| 检验检查-源-值 | - | - | 出现在源数据中的检验检查名称。此代码要预先映射到标准化词汇表中的标准概念，而原始代码存储在此处以供参考。 |
| measurement_source_concept_id | Yes | integer | A foreign key to a Concept in the Standard Vocabularies that refers to the code used in the source. |
| 检验检查-源-概念-id | - | - | 外键，标准词汇表中标识源数据中代码所对应的标准概念。 |
| unit_source_value | No | varchar(50) | The source code for the unit as it appears in the source data. This code is mapped to a standard unit concept in the Standardized Vocabularies and the original code is stored here for reference. |
| 单位-源-值 | - | - | 源数据中出现的单位代码。此代码要预先映射到标准化词汇表中的标准单位概念，而原始代码存储在此处以供参考。 |
| value_source_value | No | varchar(50) | The source value associated with the content of the value_as_number or value_as_concept_id as stored in the source data. |
| 值-源-值 | - | - | 与存储在源数据中的value_as_number或value_as_concept_id的内容相关联的源值。 |
共识
| No. | Convention Description | 共识 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Measurements differ from Observations in that they require a standardized test or some other activity to generate a quantitative or qualitative result. For example, LOINC 1755-8 concept_id 3027035 'Albumin [Mass/time] in 24 hour Urine' is the lab test to measure a certain chemical in a urine sample. | 检验检查与观察的不同之处在于，检验检查需要系统、标准化的检验检查方法或其他一些活动，来产生定量或定性结果。例如，LOINC 术语集的1755-8 concept_id 3027035的' 24小时尿白蛋白[质量/时间] '是测量尿液样本中某化学物质的实验室检查。 |
| 2 | Even though each Measurement always have a result, the fields VALUE_AS_NUMBER and VALUE_AS_CONCEPT_ID are not mandatory. When the result is not known, the Measurement record represents just the fact that the corresponding Measurement was carried out, which in itself is already useful information for some use cases. | 即使一般来说每个检验检查都有结果数据，VALUE_AS_NUMBER和VALUE_AS_CONCEPT_ID字段也不是必需的。当结果是未知的情况下，检验检查记录仅表示做过相应检验检查的事实，但这本身对某些科研设计来讲就是有用的数据。 |
| 3 | Valid Measurement Concepts (MEASUREMENT_CONCEPT_ID) belong to the 'Measurement' domain, but could overlap with the 'Observation' domain. This is due to the fact that there is a continuum between systematic examination or testing (Measurement) and a simple determination of fact (Observation). When the Measurement Source Value of the code cannot be translated into a standard Measurement Concept ID, a Measurement entry is stored with only the corresponding SOURCE_CONCEPT_ID and MEASUREMENT_SOURCE_VALUE and a MEASUREMENT_CONCEPT_ID of 0. | 有效、可用的检验检查概念（MEASUREMENT_CONCEPT_ID）属于“检验检查”域，但可能与“观察”域重叠。这是因为系统化的检查或检验（测量）与简单的事实判断（观察）之间存在界限的连续性（模糊性）。当源数据库的检验检查的值无法转换为标准测量概念ID时，检验检查仅存储相应的SOURCE_CONCEPT_ID和MEASUREMENT_SOURCE_VALUE，MEASUREMENT_CONCEPT_ID为0。 |
| 4 | Measurements are stored as attribute value pairs, with the attribute as the Measurement Concept and the value representing the result. The value can be a Concept (stored in VALUE_AS_CONCEPT), or a numerical value (VALUE_AS_NUMBER) with a Unit (UNIT_CONCEPT_ID). | 检验检查值可存储为属性+值，属性即为Measurement Concept中的概念，值则表示结果。该值可以是存储在VALUE_AS_CONCEPT中的概念，也可以是带有单位（UNIT_CONCEPT_ID）的数值（VALUE_AS_NUMBER）。 |
| 5 | Valid Concepts for the VALUE_AS_CONCEPT field belong to the 'Meas Value' domain. | VALUE_AS_CONCEPT字段的中使用的概念id中，标为“有效”的，属于“Meas Value”域。 |
| 6 | For some Measurement Concepts, the result is included in the test. For example, ICD10 concept_id 45595451 'Presence of alcohol in blood, level not specified' indicates a Measurement and the result (present). In those situations, the CONCEPT_RELATIONSHIP table in addition to the 'Maps to' record contains a second record with the relationship_id set to 'Maps to value'. In this example, the 'Maps to' relationship directs to 4041715 'Blood ethanol measurement' as well as a 'Maps to value' record to 4181412 'Present'. | 对于某些检验检查概念，结果就直接包含在检验检查中。例如，ICD10 concept_id 45595451“血液中存在酒精，未指定水平”表示检验检查和结果（阳性/存在）。在这类情况下，CONCEPT_RELATIONSHIP表中除了“映射到”的记录之外，还包含第二条记录-“映射到值”（通过relationship_id标识）。在这个例子中，“映射到”记录为4041715“血液乙醇测量”以及“映射到值”记录为4181412“存在”。 |
| 7 | The OPERATOR_CONCEPT_ID is optionally given for relative Measurements where the precise value is not available but its relation to a certain benchmarking value is. For example, this can be used for minimal detection thresholds of a test. | OPERATOR_CONCEPT_ID可选择性地用于记录相对测量结果（当其中精确值不可用但与某个基准值的关系已知时）。例如用于表达检验检查的最低检出阈值。 |
| 8 | The meaning of Concept 4172703 for '=' is identical to omission of a OPERATOR_CONCEPT_ID value. Since the use of this field is rare, it's important when devising analyses to not to forget testing for the content of this field for values different from =. | 概念4172703即'='的存在会导致忽略OPERATOR_CONCEPT_ID的值。由于这个域的概念用得很少，因此在设计科研方法时不要忘记测试该字段的数据情况，确保有=以外的其他值，这一点非常重要。 |
| 9 | Valid Concepts for the OPERATOR_CONCEPT_ID field belong to the 'Meas Value Operator' domain. | OPERATOR_CONCEPT_ID字段的有效概念属于“Meas Value Operator”域。 |
| 10 | The Unit is optional even if a VALUE_AS_NUMBER is provided. | 即使VALUE_AS_NUMBER有数据，单位也可以为空。 |
| 11 | If reference ranges for upper and lower limit of normal as provided (typically by a laboratory) these are stored in the RANGE_HIGH and RANGE_LOW fields. Ranges have the same unit as the VALUE_AS_NUMBER. | 如果有提供的正常值上限和下限的参考范围（通常由实验室提供），则这些参考范围存储在RANGE_HIGH和RANGE_LOW字段中。参考范围与VALUE_AS_NUMBER单位相同。 |
| 12 | The Visit during which the observation was made is recorded through a reference to the VISIT_OCCURRENCE table. This information is not always available. | 可以通过参考VISIT_OCCURRENCE表，识别本表记录的对应就诊事件。此信息并非必填。 |
| 13 | The Provider making the observation is recorded through a reference to the PROVIDER table. This information is not always available. | 可以通过参考PROVIDER表，识别本表记录的数据采集者。此信息并非始终可用。 |
| 14 | If there is a negative value coming from the source, set the VALUE_AS_NUMBER to NULL, with the exception of the following Measurements (listed as LOINC codes):1925-7 Base excess in Arterial blood by calculation1927-3 Base excess in Venous blood by calculation8632-2 QRS-Axis11555-0 Base excess in Blood by calculation1926-5 Base excess in Capillary blood by calculation28638-5 Base excess in Arterial cord blood by calculation28639-3 Base excess in Venous cord blood by calculationTHEMIS issue #16 | 如果有来自源数据的负值，则VALUE_AS_NUMBER赋值为NULL，但以下检验检查（列为LOINC代码）除外：1925-7 Base excess in Arterial blood by calculation1927-3 Base excess in Venous blood by calculation8632-2 QRS-Axis11555-0 Base excess in Blood by calculation1926-5 Base excess in Capillary blood by calculation28638-5 Base excess in Arterial cord blood by calculation28639-3 Base excess in Venous cord blood by calculationTHEMIS issue＃16 |
本系列在介绍目前世界上最适用于临床科研+卫生经济学的标准医疗大数据格式（未经严谨考证，但有相关研究发表在专业期刊上），俨然是真实世界研究方案里面最接进成熟的基础建设方案。感兴趣的介绍请移步B站观看视频。
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